The  article  deals  with  the  main  trends  and  problems  in  the  evolution  of  the  Russian-Uzbekistani relations in political, military, economic and humanitarian fields under the presidency of Dmitry Medvedev. It  analyses  the  legal  framework  of  interstate  cooperation  shaped  in  2008–12,  shows  the  essence  of  the Russian-Uzbekistani  relations  as  those  of  strategic  partnership  and  political  and  military  alliance,  and emphasizes the importance of the factor of leadership in the development of the bilateral relations.