The article is devoted to the understanding of utopia in XX and XXI centuries and its relation with ideology in contemporary society in the conditions of the process of neoliberal globalization. The study is based on Marxist concept of ideology and Karl Mannheim’s opposition between utopia and ideology. Analyzed  close  relations  utopia  with  social  reality,  historical  process  and  the  functioning  of  the  human consciousness  and  subconsciousness.  Proved  that  utopia  is  important  way  of  cognition  of  social  reality underlying the social critique.