80301 2782-5450 8 3 2017

RAR RUS 9-17 Kovalev Boris bnkov@mail.ru D-4531-2018 57202060159 0000-0002-4093-5236 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Sergey V.

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

The State Duma of the Russian Empire: the exploration of the Russian North in 1907–1916 The relevance of this study is due to the need to investigate the issues of international cooperation and international conflicts in the exploration of the Russian North in the early 20th century. Comparative historical, formal logical, and structural and functional methods were used to systematize the archival information and determine the main trends in the discussions of the State Duma of the Russian Empire. The stenographic records of the State Duma of the Russian Empire have been analyzed. We have discussed various approaches to the exploration of the northern regions of Russia by representatives of political parties and authorities. We have revealed the difficulties that existed in the political and economic relations of Russia with foreign countries concerning the use of the natural resources of the Russian North. The problems that prevented the successful development of this region have been identified. The documents referred to in the article are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time ever. They can contribute to understanding the problems of the exploration of the northern regions of Russia in the early 20th century. Conclusions: the natural resources of the Russian North were the subject of interest of Russia’s neighbors who considered these regions to be a promising market. Russian merchants, in turn, did not want any competitors to interfere with the successful operation of their business. The development of the Northern Sea Route could have contributed to the development of Siberia. However, the authorities of the Russian Empire paid no sufficient attention to the above-mentioned problems. The First World War convincingly proved this approach was incorrect. The material of the article can be used to study successes and failures in the exploration of the northern regions of Russia that were important for its economy and defense. 10.18721/JHSS.8301 93/94 State Duma of the Russian Empire deputies Northern sea route research expeditions internal policy https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.1/ 01_9_17.pdf

RAR RUS 18-26 Lozovskaya Daria Issues of reforming secondary technical schools: discussions of the State duma of the Russian Empire The relevance of this study is due to the need to comprehensively investigate the issues of the formation and development of polytechnic education in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The methodological basis of the article is the principle of scientific objectivity when working with sources, excluding the influence of conjuncture on the analysis and interpretation of empirical data. The comparative historical, formal logical, structural and functional, as well as descriptive, methods allowed to systematize a significant amount of factual information, and to reveal the main tendencies of Duma discussions. The documents of the Russian State Historical Archive on the activities of the State Duma of the Russian Empire have been analyzed. Various approaches to secondary vocational polytechnic education by deputies and state officials have been described. The main problems that hampered the development of vocational education have been identified. The archival documents referred to in the article are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time ever. They contribute to our understanding of the national polytechnic school in the early 20th century. Conclusions: the development of secondary and primary technical education in Russia was hampered by a lack of state funding. The authorities believed that technical schools should be developed, first of all, at the expense of interested parties, i.e., entrepreneurs or benefactors. The lack of compulsory primary education in Russia also hampered the development of specialized educational institutions. The materials of the article can be used to study the history of reforms in the higher polytechnic school.   10.18721/JHSS.8302 37.031.4+94(47).083 State Duma of the Russian Empire; educational reform; special polytechnic education; funding; technical schools https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.2/ 02_18_26.pdf

RAR RUS 27-36 Krasnozhenova Elena eleena@inbox.ru Persian transport corridor during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) The study aims to analyze the economic cooperation between the USSR, USA and Great Britain via lend-lease during the Great Patriotic War. Deliveries were made in accordance with the Moscow, Washington, London and Ottawa Protocols of supplying the Soviet Union. One of the major routes of the Lend-Lease became the Trans-Iranian Railway via which about 24% of the total cargo was received. Automotive vehicles, machinery and food made up a large part of the cargo passing through the Persian Corridor. This route was one of the longest. Ships carrying military supplies from the Allies via the Caspian Sea were shelled by Nazi aircraft. Interaction of the Soviet Union, Britain and the United States in Iran was aimed at the modernization of its transport network, construction of new railways and docks, creation of assembly plants for imported military equipment. Assessing the Anglo-American military-technical assistance in achieving Victory in the Great Patriotic war, it is necessary to consider that the greatest number of goods in the Soviet Union came after the radical turning point in the war. In the early period of the war, when the Soviet Union desperately needed the support of allies, the initial supply was low. At the same time, we cannot underestimate the help received by the Soviet Union through the lend-lease because it played a certain role in equipping the Red Army with weapons and military equipment. Military and economic cooperation of the allied powers was one of the factors contributing to Victory over fascism in the Second World War. Citation: E.E. Krasnozhenova, Persian transport corridor during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Humanities and Social Sciences, 8 (3) (2017) 27–36. DOI: 10.18721/JHSS.8303 10.18721/JHSS.8303 94(47).084.8 lend-lease Trans-Iranian railway Iran allies anti-hitler coalition Caspian flotilla Astrakhan sea raid https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.3/ 03_27_36.pdf

RAR RUS 37-48 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Aladyshkin Ivan i-­bez@yandex.ru Safonova Alla safonova@spbstu.ru Rethinking the phenomenon of technology in the era of globalization The article is dedicated to changing the nature of understanding of technical reality in a global society. The aim is to consider the modern discourse of technology, which went far beyond the actual technogenic or production areas. The work is an appeal to the history of the development of technology, evolution of technology, as well as a change in ideas about technology, its essence and meaning. The study is based on classical works of Western thinkers on technology, as well as studies of modern Russian historians and technology philosophers. In exploring the subject, we have used a systematic approach, which regards technology as a component of a single technical system that is part of a more general universe with its objective laws. We have come to the conclusion that the globalization processes of the second half of the twentieth century are primarily related to the technological and technological development of mankind, which entails the formation of a single world-wide network market economy, social and cultural transformations.   10.18721/JHSS.8304 122:930.85:316.6 technology technological reality evolution of technology technical studies discourse of technology globalization https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.4/ 04_37_48.pdf

RAR RUS 49-56 Makhova Natal’ya natashsimanova@yandex.ru Modern scientific and technological integration in the Eurasian space Modern society lives in the new civilization period, which qualitatively differs in its characteristics from that which existed even 20 years ago. The fourth industrial revolution is underway, engendering new requirements to the economy, manufacturing, education, science and technology. Integration processes take a special place in the conditions of global transformations and of rapid changes in all spheres of society. These processes are, first and foremost, science and technology integration guiding the development of economy, education, security, production, social welfare and industrial development around the world and in individual regions. Currently, the Eurasian space is one of the most striking examples of the transformation caused by the integration processes. In this article, the author notes the position of modern scientific and technological integration in the Eurasian region, describes the specifics of these processes, including the case of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, as one of the leading technical universities of Russia and Eurasia.   10.18721/JHSS.8305 008 scientific and technological integration fourth industrial revolution Eurasian region informatization Eurasian turn National technology initiative https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.5/ 05_49_56.pdf

RAR RUS 57-64 56426509300 0000-0001-8953-7434 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Olga D. Shipunova shipunova_od@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

Berezovskaya Irina ipberezovskaya@rambler.ru Gashkova Elena Conditions of personality formation in the context of cyber-anthropology The article examines topical issues of individual self-identification in the dynamic information exchange in modern digital environments. The purpose of the article is to analyze cyber-anthropology ideas with respect to the informational nature of personality and the interpretation of the self-identification process relying on the structural principles of a multi-agent system. The specifics of the modern conditions of personality formation is analyzed by means of system methodology and the cognitive paradigm. It is emphasized that the growing information environment and virtual community form specific cognitive commitment to fractal narrative as the primary way of creating narratives, concepts, and cognitive practices among the members of the digital generation. The unity of consciousness, which holds the personality as a whole, is called into question. In the context of cyber-anthropology, the conditions of personality formation are replaced with digital cyberspace modules. The result of experimentation with personal identity in the virtual environment is that personal identity in the modern world continuously transforms and remains incomplete. The virtual agents, exercising their identity many times in the digital space, transform into a function of the information technology structure, lose their individuality. The process of self-identification comes full circle in virtuality.   10.18721/JHSS.8306 1(091):17 information nature of personality identity digital environment cyber-anthropology semantic unity of consciousness https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.6/ 06_57_64.pdf

RAR RUS 65-76 Romanenko Yuriy yr_romanenko@rambler.ru The event of ancient ontology in the historical perspective. The second stage: Plato – Aristotle The aim of the study is to reconstruct the second stage in the evolution of Ancient Greek ontology from the point of view of the late-Heideggerian concept of the Event (Ereignis). The study is based on the principle of the unity of the historical and the theoretical. A combination of methods of dialectics, phenomenology, hermeneutics and historical reconstruction is used. After Socrates, the history of Ancient Greek ontology is determined by the event of the dispute between Plato and Aristotle. This debate absorbed in a generalized form all the preceding discussions about Being, and also set the direction and scope of subsequent disputes. The event in Ancient Greek ontology is not limited only to the temporal characterization of the historical process, but acquires the signs of an ontologically understood myth. The dispute between Plato and Aristotle marked the boundaries of the ontological paradigm of antiquity, and also determined the genetic code for the development of all subsequent philosophy. The results may help a deeper understanding of historical expediency, as well as clarify the role of ontological knowledge in the evaluation of the driving forces of history.   10.18721/JHSS.8307 111 ontology gnoseology being event history antiquity myth https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.7/ 07_65_76.pdf

RAR RUS 77-89 Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno Kirvel Cheslav Belarusian State University Kirvel Olga o.kirvel@gmail.com 56645999100 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Dmitry I. kuznetsov_di@spbstu.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

“Philosophy of the mind” and “philosophy of the heart” It is time to abandon the illusory hope for the unconditional primacy of rational consciousness over all other forms of pre-rational and non-rational perception of reality, to abandon rationalistic “pride” and estranged conception of history and Eurocentrism in order to approach other cultures where rationality would be the dominant form of relationship with the outer world. Now, at the beginning of the third millennium, the humanity faces the monumental challenge of creating a holistic worldview based on both rational and scientific and irrational (including figurative) perception of reality and of developing a cohesive worldview, where “the world”, “the space”, “the man” would be perceived as a living organic integrity. The rational and illogical perception of the harmoniously developed people is known to be in equilibrium; by the same principle, in human cognition in general, these two sources of knowledge should go hand in hand and complement each other.   10.18721/JHSS.8308 101 humanism ecological crisis rationalism technocracy philosophy of the heart the philosophy of mind technology society biosphere https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.8/ 08_77_89.pdf

RAR RUS 90-100 Kuznetsov Vladimir Dignity as a fundamental principle of culture or as a manifestation of the law of the “existential self” The article deals with one of the most significant contradictions in the whole issue of dignity: between the moral value and social significance of the individual. The goal of this study is in outlining this contradiction, allowing to consider new horizons in the genesis of sense. The research methods are the method of system analysis, the principle of historical and logical unity, the method of cultural and historical comparison. The author proposes a different, shifted look at the seemingly obvious objects and themes. The unity and contrast between dignity as a fundamental principle of culture and dignity as a manifestation of the laws of sociality is a form of fundamental contradiction between dignity as life and life as dignity. The resolution of this contradiction can imply both a denial of dignity, and its confirmation. Both are equally provable and disprovable. The result of the study is in establishing the equality and differences between the fundamental principle of culture and the social law of the “existential self.” Another result is the following paradox. Everything that is unequivocally condemned by culture as a violation of its fundamental principle, as misbehavior – flattery, servility, careerism, scheming, slander, denunciation – all of this is actually the social norm, as a manifestation of the laws of sociality. Conversely, something that is glorified by culture – heroism, asceticism, holiness – is an exception to the norm, challenging the “normal everyday life.” But it is the principle of worthy existence that is a necessary strategy for positive assembly, pulling, collecting and holding the culture. This is what connects and unites, collects and holds.   10.18721/JHSS.8309 17, 122/129 culture dignity a fundamental principle of culture the laws of sociality the law of the “existential self” social norm ressentiment elite mass https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.9/ 09_90_100.pdf

RAR RUS 101-112 Vasileva Svetlana Jonas Hanway presents the social project of the perfected prison The paper presents the opus “Solitude in Imprisonment. With Proper Profitable Labour and a Spare Diet, the Most Humane and Effectual Means of Bringing Malefactors, who Have Forfeited Their Lives, Or are Subject to Transportation, to a Right Sense of Their Condition; with Proposals for Salutary Prevention” (1775), by English philanthropist, traveler and publicist Jonas Hanway, that is unknown in Russian historiography. Based on methodological principles of the ‘new cultural and intellectual history’, the author analyzes the discourse of the problem, which makes it possible to examine the overdue reform of the English penal system comprehensively and to identify its reflection in the public consciousness. The English enlightener discusses the causes of the increasing criminalization of society and comes to the conclusion that the main problem lies in ‘infidelity and neglect of religion’ and ‘disobedience of the laws of our country’ as a result. As a way to ‘cure moral disease’, Hanway offers a radical reform of the penal system. He disapproves the methods of criminal repression (death penalty, transportation overseas), because that does not solve the problem of increasing criminalization and does not introduce good morals and support religion. Jonas Hanway presents his social project of the perfected prison (he calls it ‘the reformatory’), based on the principles of solitary confinement, religious authority and correctional labor. The enlightener introduces the concept of ‘the intermediate state between both worlds’, and represents solitary confinement as a location and a condition for deep reflection and desire to make amends and to render life useful and beneficial to society. The theoretical and methodological basis for Hanway’s penitentiary project is in the ideals of the Enlightenment and Christian ethics, which is supposed to prepare offenders and criminals to achieve harmony in both worlds. Hanway draws the attention of authorities and society to the danger of further marginalization of the inhabitants of the metropolis. In conditions of practical absence of the police, he appeals to morality and religion as the only way to ‘preserve the people, in the enjoyment of the genuine fruits of liberty and freedom from violence’. In the essay, Hanway reflects on the progressive idea to revise the purpose and goals of the prisoners’ work: from punitive and convict labor to correctional labor leading to honest life. The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that the particular spiritual development of English society at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times, as well as the religious quest of English Protestantism, led to the direct dependence of the penal reform on the religious factor. The paper aims to develop the paradigm of the ‘new cultural and intellectual history’ in modern national historical science.   10.18721/JHSS.8310 973.03 United Kingdom eighteenth century Jonas Hanway prison reform solitary imprisonment https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.10/ 10_101_112.pdf

RAR RUS 113-121 Sokolova Nina o_shipunova@mail.ru Pylkin Alexander apylkin@yandex.ru From totalitarianism to the society of consumption: metamorphosis of total control The objective of the article is diachronic analysis and comparison of two types of ideology that emerged in the Western society by the 20th century: the ideology of the totalitarian regime and the contemporary ideology of ‘the society of consumption’. Both of them are the result of the developing of the ideas that the Age of Enlightenment had postulated and they both have much in common. These two types of society both tend to total control over individuals, which leads to people’s estrangement from their own humanity and total non-freedom. It must be pointed out that the diffusive control that is executed by ‘the society of consumption’ is much more total and effective than the totalitarian one. The postmodern critic that pretends to actualize critical comprehension of ‘the society of consumption’ in fact turns out to be its integral part. In the article, the realities of the contemporary world that cannot be grasped by this type of critic are considered, such as international terrorism and the win of the off-system candidate in the presidential election in the USA.   10.18721/JHSS.8311 1(091) diffusive control totality post-modern critic society of consumption terrorism https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.11/ 11_113_121.pdf

RAR RUS 122-133 Molodychenko Evgeniy Identity and discourse: from social theory to practice of discourse analysis The article reviews various identity theories and analyzes the ways in which these theories can be operationalized in textually oriented discourse analysis. Identity is seen as a complex and multifaceted category whose key features are the degree of agency of the subject, the subject’s identification with social roles and/or groups and categories, the degree of continuity of the self, and the ever-increasing role of semiotic resources both in constructing and enacting identities. A thorough consideration of various studies in discourse analysis makes it possible to argue that studies in social theory and those in discourse analysis complement each other as the findings from the latter generally support the claims of the former and, most importantly, can act as a source of additional empirical data for them. This gives further evidence for the idea of discourse being one element of the social practices firmly embedded in them, as well as underscores the need for further integration of linguistic disciplines and social sciences.   10.18721/JHSS.8312 81`33 identity social identity discourse discourse analysis critical discourse analysis sociolinguistics https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.12/ 12_122_133.pdf

RAR RUS 134-144 Arseniev Dmitry Krasnoschekov Victor victor@imop.spbstu.ru System of student training for international academic mobility The article analyzes the existing mechanisms of preparation of students for participation in programs of international academic mobility. Different types of support help students in overcoming the numerous barriers, such as the information barrier, the organization barrier, the financial barrier, the academic barrier, and the psychological barrier. A comparative analysis of the forms of language support for students preparing to participate in mobility programs has been carried out. Language training relates both to the sphere of formal education and to the sphere of non-formal education. Outside universities, language training is virtually uncontrolled, which can lead to risks, for example, to academic emigration or brain drain from Russia to Western countries. So the most effective way is comprehensive mobility support. The developed system of preparing students for international mobility combines various forms of support and compensation for risks, including tutorial work. The system of preparation of students for international mobility is developed. The system is based on the mechanism that ensures students to participate in the international short-term educational programs organized by their universities, as well as in international student projects. Russian students act as tutors, performing mentoring functions for foreign participants of the program, and they are also part of the management team of the program, which is regarded as an innovative project. In case of satisfaction from participating in the program, students improve their general cultural competence together, which increases their motivation for deepening the international experience.   10.18721/JHSS.8313 378.014 internationalization academic mobility comprehensive training brain drain short-term international educational programs students projects https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.13/ 13_134_144.pdf

RAR RUS 145-152 57193694498 0000-0003-1283-2245 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Liudmila P. lhalapina@bk.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

56542653500 0000-0003-3058-7386 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Nina V. Popova ninavaspo@mail.ru

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

Kuznetsova Olga zlata99@list.ru Interdisciplinary design as a means of implementing content and language integrated learing in higher education The article presents the review of modern trends in research dedicated to the problem of content and language integrated learning in the higher education system (well-known as CLIL in European scientific and educational sphere). The main task of this approach is in reorienting the goals of foreign language teaching from the language itself to the professional disciplines with the help of a foreign language. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of integration of interdisciplinary ties in the system of higher education, to suggest an innovative method for multidisciplinary design as part of a professionally oriented foreign language course. The methodology of this study is based both on theoretical aspects (analysis, synthesis, comparison), and empirical methods, such as experimental teaching of undergraduate students specializing in system analysis and management. The main results include the development of a theoretical basis for innovative methodology based on the original approach created by the academic teaching stuff of three different faculties following the ideas of content and language integrated learning. Modular learning, blended learning, learning environment concepts are analyzed by the authors. The results confirm the effectiveness of interdisciplinary design in the process of solving the tasks of integrated content and language integrated learning. 10.18721/JHSS.8314 378.147 interdisciplinary designing interdisciplinary ties content and language integrated learning bilingual learning content component https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.14/ 14_145_152.pdf

BRV RUS 153-155 Chaplygin Vladimir rusbanker@mail.ru Kozlovskiy Vitaliy vital_kozlovsky@mail.ru Review of the collection of articles “Parliamentarism in the Member States of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States” Review of the collection of articles “Parliamentarism in the Member States of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the Commonwealth of Independent States”.   10.18721/JHSS.8315 324 parliamentarism inter-parliamentary cooperation Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS CIS https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.15/ 15_153_155.pdf

CHR RUS 156-161 Kovalev Boris bnkov@mail.ru Kudryavtseva Regina-Elizaveta aethel@yandex.ru D-4531-2018 57202060159 0000-0002-4093-5236 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Sergey V.

Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia

Overview of a roundtable held in the framework of the “Formation and promotion of the Eurasian integration ideology on the basis of traditional values, continuity of generations and preserving the memory of victory” project (April 27, 2017) The article provides an overview of the Round table of the expert and analytical working group “Meaning of the victory in the Great Patriotic War for national identity of the people of the euroasian integration countries”. The Round table has been carried out by the Higher school of social sciences, Institute of Humanities of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University on April 27, 2017 within the “Formation and promotion of the Euroasian integration Ideology on the basis of traditional values, generations succession and preserving the Memory of Victory”. Project organized by Fund of assistance to development of spiritual and moral values “Memory of victories”. In the round table there were discussed such main issues as problems of evolution of a concept of “eurasianism”, mechanisms of formation of national consciousness, international dissociation of the people of the Soviet Union, value for national unity of historical and mythological images in ideological work in days of the Great Patriotic War, reflection of daily occurrence of war in diary entries and letters, values of Russian Orthodox Church in days of the Great Patriotic War, and also values of memory of a victory for youth and preservation of historical memory on the Internet were discussed.   10.18721/JHSS.8316 93/94 Eurasianism Great Patriotic War historical memory neoeurasianism Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2017.29.16/ 16_156_161.pdf