80301 2782-5450 Terra Linguistica 9 4 2018 1-113
RAR RUS 7-13 Fatkina Elizaveta lizzza92@mail.ru Main domestic organizations controlling arms export in Sweden The article is dedicated to the role of domestic organizations in controlling Swedish arms exports. We have reviewed and identified the key organizations engaged in arms export control in Sweden. The organizations that establish restrictions at the national and supranational level, as well as the main decisions and directives concerning this issue have been considered. Since business also plays an important role in the export control system in Sweden, attention is also paid to this issue. As a result of this study, we have concluded that domestic organizations play the crucial role in carrying out activities related to control of exports in the defense industry; at the same time, other elements such as international organizations and businesses are also fairly important. 10.18721/JHSS.9401 327 weapons export dual-use goods strategic export controls globalization trade liberalization https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.1/ 7-13.pdf
RAR RUS 14-21 Military Academy of the General staff of the Russian armed forces Sergievskiy Ilya Voenpred1991@yandex.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation
 137 military representation of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation Syskin German GermanPetrograd@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Mining Institute in the personnel training system for the needs of military ministry of Russia from the second half of 19th to the early 20th century The paper discusses the contribution of the Mining Institute to training military surveyors for the Main Artillery Administration. The main historiographical base of the subject is briefly described. The state of “personnel shortage” experienced by the institution of military surveyors by the end of the 1850s is characterized. The basic steps in improving the system of training of artillery inspectors in the Mining Institute are shown. The problematic issues of training officers in the mining University are revealed. Conclusions are drawn about the significant role of the Mining Institute as a “forge of personnel” for the Russian institution of military surveyors in the third quarter of the 19th century. The article uses published sources (laws of the Russian Empire, orders, etc.) and documentary materials from the archives of the Russian Federation, first introduced into scientific sphere. 10.18721/JHSS.9402 94(47)«1858/1917», 355.237, 378, 622 Mining Institute artillery surveyors military acceptance military education Main Artillery Admininstration Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy mining engineers mining plants https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.2/ 14-21.pdf
RAR RUS 22-28 Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy Pilyavets Grigoriy 79141914460@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Financial support for preparation of artillerymen in Imperial Russian army before World War I The article is dedicated to financial support for training of artillerymen of the officer school before World War I. Difficulties in ensuring the suitability of the landfill site, purchasing equipment, cash gratification of maintenance personnel were the most complex issues discussed in this article. The training ground as a training field for preparing troops for battle had to be similar to the area in which the troops were most likely to act. The forest cover of the area was important, among other things. For example, the forest cover at the military ranges (except for gardens) was 25.8% in Germany, and 30.4% in Austria. According to experts, at least 35% could be considered to be optimum forest cover for the Luga landfill. In fact, it reached 75% (as of January 3, 1909), so it was necessary to speed up the clearing of the landfill site. The Officer School for Artillerymen asked the Main Artillery Administration to grant about 10,800 rubles for this purpose. 10.18721/JHSS.9403 94 (7) security equipment states dislocation landfill https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.3/ 22-28.pdf
RAR RUS 29-38 Bylieva Daria marketing4121@yandex.ru Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Zamorev Anton azamorev49@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Nam Tat’yana namt@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Social being in virtual reality Information and communication technologies are radically changing the human existence. The study offers an interpretation of the virtual phenomenon as reality through the prism of philosophical thought. Social analysis and systematic approach allow to study the peculiarities of a person᾿s presence in virtual reality, the norms evolving for a person’s existence online. We suggest, on the one hand, that there are multiple virtual realities, and, on the other hand, that Internet reality has a special status competing with physical reality. Consequently, the online personality cannot be interpreted as one of personal identities; it has a special status and is defined by the specifics of virtual reality. Being in the Internet is not determined by the norms that apply outside its borders, with the exception of a small part of virtual reality that falls under legal regulation. The remaining part is under control of “owners” and creators of some part of the network or falls under self-regulation. The area of virtual worlds of multiplayer games is the most illustrative example: deviant behavior (such as murder or robbery) is allowed, while interference with the rules established by the demiurges is regarded as violation of the norms. 10.18721/JHSS.9404 14:004.946 virtual reality social norms Internet virtual virtual person society deviant behavior https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.4/ 29-38.pdf
RAR RUS 39-48 Lezgina Marina Formation of the idea category: from antiquity to Kant This article is dedicated to analysis of formation, functioning and evolution of the concept of “idea”, its status and purpose. The article shows that the Ancient Greek (from Plato to Aristotle) dichotomy in the interpretation of the term “idea” gave the impetus for the emergence of the apriorism school of philosophy. According to Plato, an extremely general idea has the inherently absolute existence, with the status of a demiurge of reality, while according to Aristotle, ideas are like numbers, expressing the intelligible and eternal essence of things. Philosophers of both Antiquity and the Middle Ages believed the essence of things and processes to be eternal and unchanging, treating ideas as constants, relations and properties in the hierarchy of the world order. In Modern times, the development of analytical geometry and infinitesimal calculus determined the transition from constants to variables, which lead to revision of the concept of “idea”. The one-sidedness of rationalist and empirical traditions in the course of such rethinking lead to Kant’s transcendent apriorism, where ideas were concepts of reason. This completed the transformation of the “idea”: from an apt term to a sustainable philosophical concept. 10.18721/JHSS.9405 101 idea essence properties eternity and immutability variables transcendental concepts of mind a priori Kant formation https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.5/ 39-48.pdf
RAR RUS 49-57 Gnitetskaya Tatyana Far Eastern Federal University Ivanova Elena ivanova.eb@dvfu.ru
Vladivostok, Russian Federation
 Reznik Boris Far Eastern Federal University Afremov Leonid afremov.ll@dvfu.ru
Vladivostok, Russian Federation
 Ugra State University Martynenko Andrey lena---iv@mail.ru
Khanty-Mansiysk, Russian Federation
 Concept of information and methodology of informatization in education The methodology of informatization in education is rather poorly developed at present, which significantly limits the opportunities for reasonably selecting and, accordingly, actively introducing information technologies in the educational process. In addition, educational information technologies are not always consistent with a person’s ability to perceive and process the perceived information, including educational information. An example is the problem of cyberbullying. This article aims to develop the conceptual framework for the methodology of informatization in education. We have analyzed the definitions of the concept of information proposed by different authors, finding three approaches to defining this concept: content-based, knowledge-based and entropy-based. The operational definition given by Brillouin is taken as the criterion for scientific definition of the given concept. We have concluded that it is impossible to apply the above criterion to the concept of information in the framework of the intuitive approach. Particular attention is paid to the entropy-based approach, where the decrease of entropy (which Brillouin termed negentropy) is regarded as a quantitative measure of information. We have confirmed that the entropy approach defines the concept of information, making it possible to perform quantitative assessment of the size of the transmitted information. This has allowed us to identify the entropy-based definition of information as the scientific definition. 10.18721/JHSS.9406 378 informatization of education information entropy content knowledge https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.6/ 49-57.pdf
RAR RUS 58-76 Borovkov Alexey Technical University of Munich Maruseva Valeriya v.m.maruseva@yandex.ru
Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Ryabov Yuriy ryabov_yua@spbstu.ru
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Shcherbina Lyudmila petrova_la@spbstu.ru
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Global trends in engineering education This article examines global trends in engineering education, notably including, firstly, the increasing demand for knowledge and competencies which an engineer should possess in today’s world and, secondly, the gap between fundamental theoretical knowledge and practical experience. The first trend is regarded as a result of increasing product and manufacturing complexity. In order to maintain the necessary level of education, considerable changes should be brought to existing educational approaches. The practically oriented approach is supposed to play a significant role in this process and should serve as a bridge between theoretical basis and real tasks. In order to implement this approach in the most efficient way, a joint effort of universities and manufacturing companies is required. The article describes various initiatives and educational programs deployed by different universities around the world to solve the arising problems, increase the quality of education and enable better training, which prepares students for real-world engineering challenges. 10.18721/JHSS.9407 378 engineering education joint department with industry partners special elite forces in engineering STEM CDIO BYOD (Bring your own device) https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.7/ 58-76.pdf
RAR RUS 77-87 Gorokhova Natalya ngorokhova@engec.ru Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kursanina Elena ekursanina@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Maevskaya Vera berserkstation@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Increasing the efficiency of teaching a professionally oriented foreign language based on authentic texts The article presents a new approach to improving the quality of teaching foreign languages in non-language universities that is based on the philologically oriented educational process, facilitating integration of teaching and shaping a well-balanced personality of a student. We have analyzed the main issues in the foreign language teaching system in economics universities, associated with restructuring of Russian professional education and transition to multilevel training of specialists. We have proved that literary works should be used in the process of teaching vocationally oriented foreign language as a means of increasing students’ motivation, communicative activity and activity-oriented approach to instructions should be employed, along with individualization as the foundation of the personality-oriented system of education adopted in the university. We have described the experience of testing a new textbook based on extracts from authentic classical and modern novels and plays structured in full accordance with the professional orientation provided by the university training program, including customs business and trade. We have studied the efficiency of this approach to the learning process by methods of experiment, observation, questionnaire and tests as well as by statistical and qualitative analysis. Teaching and developmental tasks, exercises and game techniques employed in testing the textbook can be useful for authors developing innovative teaching resources and for foreign language teachers interested in improving the quality of education. 10.18721/JHSS.9408 378.02 иностранные языки образовательный процесс аутентичные тексты личностно ориентированный подход филологизация качество образования воспитание гармоничной личности https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.8/ 77-87.pdf
RAR RUS 88-95 Bashkir State Agrarian University Stoletov Anatoliy aistoletov@gmail.com
Ufa, Russian Federation
 Bashkir State University Lukmanova Rushana lukmanovark@mail.ru
Ufa, Russian Federation
 Role of literary works in teaching philosophy The article deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects of using literature in teaching philosophy. The transformation of the social structure implies introducing educational methods that develop such qualities as non-standard thinking, critical thinking, communication, emotional intelligence. We have established that using literary texts in philosophy courses improves figurative thinking, which is necessary for understanding abstract ideas, and teaches students to formulate their thoughts more precisely and expressively. The suggestive nature of literary imagery reduces the time for mastering philosophical material and invokes the collective unconscious experience of culture through the archetypal structure. The literary text demonstrates the systemic nature of the world view, the multiple equally valid interpretations. The rational and the emotional are closely related in the literary text, allowing to improve compassion and empathy. The literary text initiates the process of self-interpretation, necessary for personal growth and experiencing existential fullness. Thus, using literary texts in philosophy courses contributes to forming personal qualities necessary for life in modern society. 10.18721/JHSS.9409 37.013.73 philosophy literature fiction higher education image methodology modern education https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.9/ 88-95.pdf
RAR RUS 96-107 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Mamleeva Alfiya mamleevaal@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
 Critical thinking as a factor of improving competitiveness in the labor market The article considers the problem of improving the competitiveness of modern graduates through developing critical thinking. The personal characteristics of modern graduates are analyzed in the light of humanization and humanitarization of higher education. Based on analysis of opinions formulated by foreign and Russian experts, it is suggested that modern graduates should possess professional skills as well as various personal characteristics demanded by employers, such as the ability to work in a team, leadership skills, flexibility, communication skills, and effective decision-making. The article is aimed at explaining the concept of “critical thinking”, which includes acmeological and reflexive components important for developing the graduates’ personal characteristics. We have described the conditions for successful development of critical thinking skills in the educational process of the university. It is shown that humanities courses, including foreign language studies, contain a lot of philosophical issues that need to be analyzed and discussed in detail. This means that such disciplines are aimed at developing communication, debating, decision-making skills, as well as active listening. Various excerpts from fiction used in foreign language courses give examples of controversial life situations in which certain social skills, personal qualities, decisions and actions are demonstrated. Students learn to think critically in order to be able to interpret these situations correctly. Developing critical thinking in foreign language courses is used as an attempt to develop students’ personal characteristics serving to improve their competitiveness. 10.18721/JHSS.9410 37.026 critical thinking personal characteristics competitiveness university humanitarization fiction foreign language https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.10/ 96-107.pdf
PER RUS 108-111 F-990-2019 57192080845 0000-0003-4543-0496 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Serkova Vera serkova_va@spbstu.ru
Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St.Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Yaroslav Anatolyevich Slinin: Polytechnic Institute graduate of 1956 The article is dedicated to Yaroslav Anatolyevich Slinin, a graduate of the Radiotechnical Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute. The paper discusses the interesting life path of the radio engineer, who had become one of the leading logicians of our time and one of the most remarkable representatives of the phenomenological trend in the philosophy of St. Petersburg. 10.18721/JHSS.9411 10(09)4 Ya.A. Slinin graduate of the Radiotechnical Faculty outstanding modern logician modal logic specialist https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2018.34.11/ 108-111.pdf