80301
2782-5450
Terra Linguistica
10
3
2019
1-138
RAR
RUS
7-15
Russian National library
Lyakhovitskiy
Evgenij
stoglav@bk.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
St. Petersburg State University
Tsypkin
Denis
d.tsypkin@spbu.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russian National library
Shibaev
Michail
michailshibaev@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russian National library
Simonova
Ekaterina
Grechekat@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Russian National library
Alexeeva
Anna
anna_.80@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Artifacts of parchment production in the old Russian codes of late XIV – early XV centuries (by the materials of The Department of manuscripts of the RNL)
In the article the first experience of the system description of tool traces on the surface of the old Russian parchment is undertaken. The research is based on the study of codes of late XIV – early XV centuries from the collection or Russian National library. Methodological basis of research is theoretical and methodological apparatus established in the framework of forensic trace analysis. Trasological research of manuscripts was carried out with the help of a specialized hardware complex designed for their expert study. Traces were detected by examining objects in oblique light, simultaneously fixing observed in the visible region of the spectrum and visualization and registration in the near infrared (IR) range. The study identified three main groups of traces: 1) traces of special knives, which depending on the intensity of action may look like a wide scratch, incision, or hole; 2) traces having the form of regularly (after an equal interval) alternating convex and concave grooves, which should be associated with the use of a scraper with a curved edge; 3) traces of grinding, apparently, pumice, which may have the form of planar scratches, or shallow grooves.
10.18721/JHSS.10301
930.272
parchment
trasology
manuscript and book monuments
trace sciense
Codicology
historical technology
old Russian literature
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.1/
7-15.pdf
RAR
RUS
16-27
Bylieva
Daria
marketing4121@yandex.ru
Lobatyuk
Victoria
vlobatyuk@yandex.ru
The game in the modern world: a socio-philosophical analysis
The article deals with such a socio-philosophical phenomenon as a game, which has now become widespread due to the introduction into everyday practice of people. This is directly related to the introduction of information and communication technologies in all spheres of human activity. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the concept of “game” in terms of its functions, mechanism and manifestations, devoted to the identification of various aspects of the interpretation of the concept in modern Russian and foreign studies. The system approach and socio-philosophical analysis allowed the authors to study the role of the game in modern society, given the dominance in the social field of information and communication technologies, to consider the formation of a new type of identity of the individual, revealed in the game reality, as well as to compare such trends as “serious games” and gamification which make up the dialectical unity. Their opposite is manifested in the position regarding non-play activity which should receive motivational and emotional reinforcement through the game. The study revealed the multidimensionality of the game in the modern world.
10.18721/JHSS.10302
129:174.6
game
serious games
gamification
Internet
virtual reality
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.2/
16-27.pdf
RAR
RUS
28-39
Mureyko
Larisa
lamureiko@mail.ru
On the correlation of mental and neurophysiological processes in the functioning of mirror brain cells: communicative aspect
The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of socio-cultural, mental and cortical representations in terms of their communication in the community. This is necessary to clarify the neurophysiological factors of communication, which can be implicitly used with the use of technologies of manipulation of consciousness by the media. Methodology: interdisciplinary, system-functional analysis. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of socio-cultural, mental and cortical representations in terms of their communication in the community. This is necessary to clarify the neurophysiological factors of communication, which can be implicitly used with the use of technologies of manipulation of consciousness by the media. Methodology: interdisciplinary, system-functional analysis. The material of the present work is the data of neurophysiological studies of mirror brain cells, discovered by J. Rizzolatti and his colleagues. Such characteristic property of mirror neurons as creation of a set of copies (imitations) intended to provide the repeated actions of people necessary for communication is accented. Based on the ideas of the American neurophysiologist R. Burton, in the concept of mirror neurons, the author highlights the problem of the basis or “matrix”, equalizing different people (to ensure their commonality and mutual understanding in communication). Using the concepts of “theory of mind”, “empathy”, “somatic marker hypothesis”, “new subjectivity” we study the debatable question of the presence of mentality in the usually unconscious, machine-like production of communicative “matrix” of many copies of generally significant forms of human perception of other people. In conclusion, a promising direction in the study of the concept of “communicative matrix” associated with the use of the concept of “disposition” is revealed.
10.18721/JHSS.10303
1: 165; 1:167; 30: 303.01
mirror cells
mental
theory of mind
empathy
communicative matrix
disposition
mass media
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.3/
28-39.pdf
RAR
RUS
40-50
56501751300
0000-0002-6967-2660
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO)
Yakovleva
Aleksandra
Moscow, Russian Federation
Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)
Toganova
Natalia
toganova@mail.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation
Scientific and technological trajectories: the experience of applying socio-humanitarian approaches to forecasting
The article offers socio-humanitarian approaches, connected with the forecasting of the development of scientific and technological trajectories. By scientific and technological trajectories it is customary to understand a certain set of ideas and technologies that arose as a result of an invention or discovery and many possible directions for their further development. It is noted that the interaction of society, nature and technology in modern conditions are characterized by approaching the threshold of qualitative changes, the process of which may turn out to be uncontrollable and irreversible. It is shown that an adequate understanding of those systemic interactions that undergo qualitative changes in connection with the rapid progress of technologies, entailing changes both in society itself and in the course of technology development, is necessary. The basic socio-humanitarian approaches to technological forecasting and technology assessment of that influence the formation of scientific and technological trajectories are presented. The methodological analysis of the science development, along with the socio-humanitarian expertise of the innovations being developed, undoubtedly forms the necessary basis for an effective strategy for managing technological progress, which turns into a task of paramount importance in the face of an increasing variety of risks. It is demonstrated that the proposed models of diffusion of innovations take into account the same factors that are taken into account in the technology assessment and humanitarian expertise combines these two sets of methodological approaches by assessing the role of the state and decision makers, their susceptibility to innovation and diffusion, or, conversely, containing technology. From a theoretical point of view, these findings show that scientific and technological trajectories do not obey “objective” laws, but, on the contrary, are dependent on random factors and, at the same time, on the targeted intervention of state actors and the expert community.
10.18721/JHSS.10304
001.8
scientific and technological trajectories
forecasting
technologies
diffusion of innovations
socio-humanitarian approaches
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.4/
40-50.pdf
RAR
RUS
51-57
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Safronenkova
Elena
lendar84@rambler.ru
Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
Hedging vs tolerance in presenting the scientific result in research articles (based on English research articles of the humanities field)
The present paper aims at analyzing the genre of the English research article which presents the findings of the investigation conducted by the writer(s) of the research and published in the peer-reviewed journal. Key notions applied to the English research article were discussed: hedging and tolerance.Tolerance is regarded as a property of a dialogue interaction oriented towards cooperation, mutual respect and understanding. A key function that hedging performs is to make the statements sound less categorical in order to protect the writer against possible criticism from the reader as well as to be polite and modest in relation to the addressee. Both devices are of communicative character and bear etiquette meanings. The results indicate that new scientific knowledge in the English research article is associated with tolerant expression of claims. Tolerance demonstrates a relationship between the writer and the reader and accomplishes a more receptive reader attitude to claims. Key linguistic choices used to bear the meaning of tolerance include: 1) nomination of the reader, 2) collective pronoun we, 3) imperative structures, 4) interrogative structures.
10.18721/JHSS.10305
81'13
parchment
trasology
manuscript and book monuments
trace sciense
Codicology
historical technology
old Russian literature
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.5/
RAR
RUS
58-73
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Piotrovskaya
Larisa
larisa11799@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Trushchelev
Pavel
paveltrue2007@rambler.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Invariability and variability of expository text comprehension by schoolchildren and university students (the results of the experimental study via the keywords method)
The article presents a description and results of the experimental study doing in order to determine variability of expository text comprehension by learners. The materials of the investigation are expository texts from geography textbooks for middle school (7th grade). The texts differ in their emotiogenic degree in terms of interest evoking. The experimental method of the investigation is the keywords method which allows to determine a relevance degree of text idea units for a recipient. The subjects of the experimental study are 40 schoolchildren (7th grade) and 26 university students of geography department. The article contains a comparison and an analysis of data collected in the experimental study (individual keywords sets). The comparison evidences that expository text comprehension by learners is variable to a high degree. The analysis of the experimental data allows to conclude that variability of expository text comprehension is due to two main reasons. Firstly, learners do not structure the content of expository texts during reading. Secondly, they consider a text idea they must to remember or know to be of higher value. Further, these comprehension features are due to undeveloped structure strategy of expository text comprehension in learners. In addition, the article also contains a description of some expository text characteristics which may affect variability of expository text comprehension by learners.
10.18721/JHSS.10306
81'23
text comprehension
expository text
keywords set
reading literacy
strategies of text comprehension
the degree of text emotiogenicity
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.6/
58-73.pdf
RAR
RUS
74-88
Perm State University
Salimovsky
Vladimir
salimovsky@rambler.ru
Perm, Russian Federation
Institute of Artificial Intelligence Problems Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management” RAS
Devyatkin
Dmitry
devyatkin@isa.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation
Perm State University
Kadzhaya
Lyudmila
kadzhaya@psu.ru
Perm, Russian Federation
Perm State University
Mishlanov
Valery
vmishlanov@yandex.ru
Perm, Russian Federation
Automatic identification of mental actions in scientific empirical texts
The article is devoted to the issues of linguistic and mathematical support for automatic identification of cognitive-communicative actions that are realized in two speech genres of a scientific empirical text - new phenomenon description and experimental data classification. The authors consider that cognitive processes concealed from direct observation are objectified in genre forms, and the latter are such link in the chain of cognitive-communicative activity that allow to systematize and formalize these processes. The category of speech system, a basic one in functional stylistics and some areas of discourse analysis, is explicated as a genre-related level of abstraction. A speech act is considered not activity-isolated but as its intrinsic element. We pro-pose a method for identifying mental actions objectified in a text that supposes the procedures of automatic linguistic text analysis, matching heterogeneous semantic networks of sentences with contextually free patterns, and also specifying the con-tent of the performed actions using sequence classification. The results of automatic identification of cognitive-communicative actions realized in the texts of these genres are presented.
10.18721/JHSS.10307
81.38:004.912
speech genre
cognitive-communicative action
speech system
automatic text analysis
cognitive modeling
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.7/
74-88.pdf
RAR
RUS
89-99
Voronezh State Technical University
Zhidko
Elena
lenag66@mail.ru
Voronezh, Russian Federation
Voronezh State Technical University
Sotnikova
Olga
pz-vgasu@mail.ru
Voronezh, Russian Federation
Improving the quality of training specialists using psychodynamic characteristics
Problem and purpose: The article reveals the actual problem of determining indicators and criteria objectively characterizing the quality of training specialists in the management of the learning process, which can be used as the basis for its correction. The goal was to define psychodynamic characteristics for improving the quality of training a specialist (student, cadet). The basic idea of using such characteristics is based on an individual approach to mass training and consists in the correction of these characteristics in the learning process. Methodology. Assessment of the quality of the educational process was carried out on the basis of a generalized structural and functional scheme for the implementation of control functions and correction of psychodynamic characteristics. Principles of collective training for improving the quality of training specialists (students, cadets) and the process of forming groups under the considered psychodynamic characteristics are considered. To solve the main problems, the elements of the apparatus of a relatively new field of the theory of possibilities, the methods of the theory of the evaluation of the quality of training of systems with signs of artificial intelligence, adaptation theory, which, based on the synergetic approach, allow abstracting the learning process, reducing it to the learning process of the machine. Results. The results of the research can be used to optimize the individual-differentiated approach in the course of the educational process, taking into account the learning conditions in the educational organization.
10.18721/JHSS.10308
519.7:621.3
psychodynamic characteristics
educational process
corrective effects
quality of training,quality improvement
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.8/
89-99.pdf
RAR
RUS
100-112
0000-0002-7519-2161
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
Kogan
Marina
m_kogan@inbox.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Gavrilova
Anna
gavanna2002@mail.ru
Continuity in formation of writing skills teaching a foreign language to engineering students: problems and possible solutions
The paper deals with the problem of teaching engineering undergraduate and graduate students of SPBPU academic writing skills in English. Although students were taught writing being at school both in native and foreign languages most of them show poor skills at university. Comparison of the requirements for competence in this type of speech activity at secondary school in Russian and foreign languages, as well as in foreign languages at SPBPU is given. Students’ estimation of their writing skills was obtained through the questionnaire. The research showed that it differs from objective assessment of the actual level of writing competence in a foreign language. The observation of problems in teaching engineering students academic writing skills is presented. One of the hindering factors is taking for granted the continuity in teaching a foreign language declared by Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) of Russia. The practice of teaching at University level makes us state that it is not always achieved, which is especially true for writing skills in a foreign language students demonstrate. We will consider what can be done within the University course for engineering students to bridge this gap and develop students’ writing skills.
10.18721/JHSS.10309
811/11-26:378.147.156
foreign language writing skills
academic writing
codifier of use in English
bachelor programs
master programs
elective writing course
engineering students
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.9/
100-112.pdf
RAR
RUS
113-123
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Тomsk State University
Lukianova Natalia
A.
Lukianova@tpu.ru
Tomsk, Russian Federation
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Goncharenko
Mark
markgon73@gmail.com
Tomsk, Russian Federation
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Zinchenko
Nikita
zinchenkonikitazns@gmail.com
Tomsk, Russian Federation
Scientific fantasy as a form of adaptation to the future
The article touches upon the issue of overcoming the “shock of the future”. The idea about the need to adapt to the future through symbolic forms is substantiated. The hypothesis of the proposed research is the statement that the adaptation to the future always requires new forms of expression and one of these forms is science fiction. The methodology of the proposed research is based on the metaphysics of A. Whitehead. The article studies the phenomenon of science fiction as a link between “knowledge” and “not knowledge” existing as the dichotomy of the real / unreal in the category of “fantastic”. It is proved that in science fiction, the basic element is the process of mythologizing and symbolization the products of scientific and technical creativity, as a process of the collision of two ways: the first path leads to the future - in “not-now yet”, and the other - in the past - in “not now already”. The author established that this duality consists in the nature of the compensatory function of science fiction during the adaptation to the future by means of a “revolution in symbolism”. “Change in symbolism” is based on the principle of “pause in disbelief”. As a result, the knowledge about the real world is neglected and people focus on the unity and integrity of a symbol. The following conclusion is made: science fiction at a symbolic level can become a form of adaptation to the world of the future.
10.18721/JHSS.10310
165
science fiction
shock of the future
adaptation
symbol
reality
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.10/
113-123.pdf
RAR
RUS
124-136
Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University
Vasileva
Alena
id.favorina@gmail.com
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Study of the development of the mathematical competence of Chinese students in the preparatory faculty in Russia
The concept of mathematical competence and its components are considered. The article shows the geography of students in the High School of International Educational Programs of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The data on the number of foreign students and their growth rate enrolled at the preparatory faculty at the HS IEP in the last few years are presented. The growth of the number of students from China entering the HS IEP over the past 5 years is considered. The training programs for pre-university training at the High School of International Education Programs of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University are presented. The programs are compiled in accordance with the requirements of the state standards of the Russian high school and the first course of the university. The features of training in pre-university training of the HS IEP on Mathematics are considered. The initial level of mathematical preparation of Chinese students on mathematics is analyzed. The fragments of testing for each of the components of mathematical competence are shown. The results of testing aimed at assessing the level of development for each of the components of mathematical competence are presented. The tests were passed to Chinese trainees at the beginning and at the end of training. A comparison of the results of the development of mathematical competence in Chinese students over the past two academic years are shown. The growth of the mathematical component for each academic year is shown. The dynamics of the development of mathematical competence of Chinese students with different levels of training in the process of study at the High School of International Educational Programs are studied. The factors affecting the development of each of the components of mathematical competence are analyzed.
10.18721/JHSS.10311
378.096
mathematical competence
foreign students
math
pre-University training
preparatory faculty
training in Russia
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2019.37.11/
124-136.pdf