80301
2782-5450
Terra Linguistica
14
4
2023
1-157
RAR
RUS
7-24
0000-0003-2142-7233
Minsk State Linguistic University
Basovets
Irina
Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Subject reference expressing evidentiality in English and Belarusian media texts
The article touches upon the problem of the interrelation between the types of information sources and a) the reliability of the reported data, b) the categories being implemented, and c) the pragmatic effects created in modern English and Belarusian media texts. The purpose of this article is to establish correlations between the referential mechanisms of subject nominations in evidential markers and the degree of reliability of what is being reported, on the one hand, and the realized categories, pragmatic functions in English and Belarusian newspaper texts of different genres, on the other hand. The material of this article comprises written newspaper texts of informational, analytical and opinion genres. The used methods are the inductive method, including observation, analysis, comparison and classification of linguistic facts, as well as the methods of contextual analysis, semantic and pragmatic analysis. It was established that the referential characteristics of subjects directly affect the reliability of what is being reported as the basic feature of evidentiality. It is shown that in both media cultures markers of reported evidence with a referential subject implement authorization with or without explication of the evidential meaning, depending on the presence or absence of the reported fact in the proposition; or deauthorization in the case of encoding a non-referential expressed or implied subject as the source. It was revealed that the texts of different genres of the compared media cultures demonstrate the following categorial-pragmatic correlations. All varieties of evidential markers with a referential subject used together with evaluation intersect with authorization and activate pragmatic effects of guiding reader’s perception. At the same time, evidential markers of different types with a non-referential subject intersect with deauthorization and allow the following pragmatic effects: scaling the opinion or observation of the narrator, reducing journalistic responsibility for what is being reported, stating the very fact of the message, or conveying unreliable information.
10.18721/JHSS.14401
(811.161.3+811.111)’42
attested
inferring and reported evidence (evidentiality)
authorization
deauthorization
(non)referential subject
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.1/
7-24.pdf
RAR
RUS
25-38
0009-0006-6602-690X
St. Petersburg State University
Vinogradova
Iuliia
st076852@student.spbu.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
0000-0002-6368-9728
St. Petersburg State University
Prokaeva
Valeriia O.
valeriya.prokaeva@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
0000-0003-4087-1225
St. Petersburg State University
Riekhakaynen
Elena
e.riehakajnen@spbu.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
A corpus-based analysis of pauses in teachers’ speech: first results
The paper describes the results of annotating a school teachers' speech corpus. We have developed a multilevel classification for pauses, enabling us to distinguish both unique characteristics within teachers' speech and those that might be common for the effective teachers’ speech in general. We also explored the degree to which the teachers' speech aligns with prepared discourse rather than spontaneous speech. We analyzed monologues delivered by two effective Russian speaking teachers during four history lessons in 6–8 grades. Using PRAAT software, we described 1) the physical nature of each pause, 2) its physical manifestation, 3) its position within the grammatical and semantic structure of the utterance, and 4) its function. The results demonstrated a challenge in putting teachers’ speech into either spontaneous or prepared speech category, as compelling arguments in favor of both sides appeared. The shared characteristics in the speech of both teachers included the prevalence of physically unfilled pauses, their syntactic position, and their function as a hesitation marker. The overall duration of pauses, the quantity of filled pauses and the type of their fillers, as well as the functional distribution of pauses turned out to be speaker specific. Hesitation and rhythmic pauses were clearly associated with a syntactic position, while emphatic and situational ones displayed variability in their location within an utterance. The initial corpus-based analysis has enabled us to discover various characteristics of pauses within teachers' speech. The parameters we distinguished appear to be promising for further research concerning the organization of effective educational discourse.
10.18721/JHSS.14402
81-33; 81-23
pauses
corpus-based analysis
educational discourse
phonetics
spontaneous speech
prepared speech
Russian
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.2/
25-38.pdf
RAR
RUS
39-50
North-Eastern Federal University
Yefimova
Alevtina
av.efimova@s-vfu.ru
Yakutsk, Russian Federation
North-Eastern Federal University
Savvina
Inna S.
savvina020200@mail.ru
Yakutsk, Russian Federation
The representation of a city in the lyrics of German expressionism
The article examines the representation of a city in the lyrics of German expressionism, the means of linguistic figurative representation of a city, which allows to see and comprehend the consequences of the industrialization of cities in the early twentieth century. The relevance of the study is dictated by the need to study the representation of a city as a key component in the linguistic worldview of the German expressionists. The goal is to find out what lexemes and with what literary devices of language the poets of expressionism expressed their attitude and vision of big cities. The material is the poems of German expressionism of 1910–1930 from the collection of poems “The Twilight of Humanity“ (German “Menschheitsdämmerung”) of 1919 year. 80 poems were studied, in particular the poems of Georg Geim, Georg Trakl, Alfred Deblin. The analysis is built according to the method of typological division of paradigms presented in the works of N.V. Pavlovich. To complete, the images of the city were identified in expressionist poetry on the basis of literary devices of language – comparisons, epithets, metaphors and determined the features of the participation of the lexem “city” as a component of figurative models. We came to the conclusion that the representation of a city in the lyrics of German expressionism associated with the lexemes “nature”, “color” and “destruction”, which shows the negative influence of the urban environment, the perception of city residents as an uncontrollable force like natural elements, and paradigms with flowers – this is a clear legacy of the original basis of expressionism – painting. Expressionists, whose vision was purely subjective, converged on many aspects of the urban image – the city is always painted in the same colors (black, gray and red), the poets shared the same feeling (fear) and were lost in metropolitan areas.
10.18721/JHSS.14403
811.112.22
image
figurative paradigms
expressionism
city; urban environment
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.3/
39-51.pdf
RAR
RUS
52-66
0000-0003-3900-321X
Kursk State University
Zubkova
Olga
olgaz4@rambrer.ru
Kursk, Russian Federation
0000-0002-8042-3470
Kursk State University
Nikitichev
Ilia
ignikitichev@mail.ru
Kursk, Russian Federation
Persuasion as a strategy of speech influence in bilingual academic discourse
The paper examines the mechanism of speech influence persuasion strategy in English-language bilingual academic communication. The research points out that the problem of speech influence in discourse practices has been given insufficient attention from the perspective of psycholinguistics. Consequently, the aim of the research is to create a model of persuasion strategy incorporating the speaker’s choice of vocabulary and grammar in natural language (in this instance, English). Using the speech activity theory and the activity paradigm in psychology as a theoretical framework, the paper employs introspection, modelling, content, contextual and semantic analysis methods. Speech events in lectures from the MICASE corpus provided the material of the research, which attempts to describe the functional potential of discourse units in the context of informing, evidential argumentation and generalisation as tactics of the persuasion strategy. The paper presents the persuasion strategy through the lens of illocutionary, locutionary and perlocutionary acts. We established that the mechanism of persuasion strategy, determined by the motives, goals and personal understanding of the speaker, defines language choices and academic identity on the basis of their cultural identity, active learning attitude and internalization of academic concepts. The authors conclude that special language units in the persuasion strategy at the vocabulary, grammar and phrase levels are instruments of speech influence that resolve communicative obstacles, increase the efficiency of academic material communication, supplement the bilingual’s individual lexicon with new conceptual representations and subject interrelations, as well as realize communicative intentions.
10.18721/JHSS.14404
81'23
speech influence
bilinguals
academic identity
persuasion strategy
illocution
locution
perlocution
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.4/
52-66.pdf
RAR
RUS
67-78
0000-0001-7272-7979
The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Kozlovskaia
Nataliia
mnegolosbyl@gmail.com
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
GPT and CHATGPT: How is it in Russian? (on electronic dictionary entries in the neological database neolex.iling.spb.ru)
The article analyzes the lexicography of new borrowings originating from the English word “ChatGPT”. As borrowing has spread, it is necessary to timely reflect new Russian words in the digital neological resource “New in Russian vocabulary. Dictionary materials" (neolex.iling.spb.ru). During the concordance process, the author determined that so-called quality press uses the original English name “Chat GPT”. Numerous variants of neological units (“chatgpt”, “chatGPT”, “chat GPT”, “GPT-chat”, “dzhipiti”, “zhipiti”, “DzhiPiTi”) and their derivatives (“dzhipitishnyj”, “dzhipitichnyj”, “dzhipitit'”, “dzhipitishka”) were identified in the written communication of specialists in the field of business, marketing and new technologies. The article also characterizes different types of variability reflected in the concordance: phonetic-graphic, orthographic, grammatical; it reveals the connectedness of morphological variability, semantic enrichment and variation. The article shows the difficulties that arise in the process of lexicography of neologisms, such as: variation, words containing Latin and Cyrillic components, the terminological nature of neologisms, the transition from proper names to appellatives, the lack of codified variants. The author offered recommendations for creating an electronic dictionary entry including all the identified variants of the new word. The article shows that the non-inclusion of a number of spellings conflicts with real language practice. The article reflects the specifics of the unique neological resource neolex.iling.spb.ru, which can reflect words that have not passed the codification stage. The dynamic nature of the neolex.iling.spb.ru database, which implements the ability to quickly change the data of a dictionary entry, will allow, after codifying one of the spelling variants of the characterized neological units, adjustments to the areas of vocabula, spelling and encyclopedic references.
10.18721/JHSS.14405
81.374
neography
digital lexicographic resource
electronic dictionary entry
proper name
appellative
variant
borrowing
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.5/
67-78.pdf
RAR
RUS
79-94
0000-0002-6425-2050
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Kolmogorova
Anastasia
nastiakol@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
0000-0001-7831-0357
Siberian Federal University
Kozachina
Anna
avkozachina@gmail.com
Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Speech genre in discourse dynamics
The paper aims to examine the functional transformation of genres in institutional discourse. The focus of the study is pedagogical discourse, which is intended to legitimize a number of values institutionalized by the state (“institutionalized”) that are necessary for reproduction in society. Research material is presented with textbooks of the “Our Morality”（私たちの道徳 /watashi-tachi no do:toku/) series for junior and middle schools in Japan that are the basis for the Moral Education (道徳教育 /do:toku kyo:iku/) course. The total volume of research material is 1,500 pages. The study uses methods of discourse analysis, as well as elements of genre analysis and comparative method. As a result, we demonstrate how various genres are being modified into new forms in the receiving discourse. Within the framework of the current study, these forms are called “discursively modified genres”. The results are of interest to specialists of discourse theory and discourse analysis, speech science and genre studies.
10.18721/JHSS.14406
81`42
speech genre
discourse
institutional discourse
pedagogical discourse
discursively modified speech genres
institutionalized values
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.6/
79-94.pdf
RAR
RUS
95-108
0000-0003-4086-9707
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Logvina
Svetlana
svet.logvina@mail.ru
Simferopol, Republic of Crimea
0000-0003-3900-321X
Kursk State University
Zubkova
Olga
olgaz4@rambrer.ru
Kursk, Russian Federation
Psycholinguistic aspect of euphemy study
The article considers the foundations of the current psycholinguistic approach to the study of euphemy. Its psycholinguistic parameters are studied from the perspective of basic cognitive mechanisms and through the prism of the predicative conception. The authors suggest the three-component conception of the study of euphemy. According to it, euphemy is viewed as a physiological emotional reaction to external stimuli; as an affective-cognitive phenomenon; and as a complex of speech-behavioral peculiarities. The article substantiates the possibility to single out each separate stage of euphemy, which allows characterizing it as a dynamic activity with inherent temporal and processual attributes. The authors suggest the description of the recursive function algorithm of euphemy as well as the analysis of the linguistic means of realizing euphemistic discourse based on the material of the video-interview fragment.
10.18721/JHSS.14407
81'33
euphemy
euphemistic discourse
three-aspect concept of euphemy research
psycholinguistic parameters of euphemy
euphemism
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.7/
95-108.pdf
RAR
RUS
109-118
0000-0003-0696-5797
Siberian Federal University
Nagibina
Irina
irina_nagibina@mail.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Siberian Federal University
Ekzarhova
Anastasia
ekzarhova_nastya@mail.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Media image of the US in Chinese mass media: A strategy to discredit a political opponent
The scientific article discusses the main tactics and language means of the Chinese media's strategy to discredit the media image of the United States in the context of the information war. The media image of the USA is interpreted through the prism of the discredit strategy as an image of the country expressed in the media space, created by the mass media in cooperation with various spheres of spiritual creativity and reflecting the peculiarities of the current moment of reality. This strategy, which has tactics in its arsenal that affect the cognitive and semantic plane of perception, is a powerful manipulative tool in the hands of the PRC, which is aimed at creating a stable stereotype of the United States as a as a threatening force for the modern world order. It is noted that tactics within the framework of the discredit strategy involve creating distrust in a political opponent. Based on the analysis of news articles, the main tactics have been identified that have the greatest manipulative potential and contribute to the formation of a media image of the United States in the minds of Chinese speakers. Examples of the main linguistic means that have the maximum impact on recipients are identified and given.
10.18721/JHSS.14408
81'42:82-54(510)
Chinese media discourse
media image
strategy to discredit a political enemy
tactics
connotative
framing
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.8/
109-118.pdf
RAR
RUS
119-129
0000-0002-9099-0436
National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Orekhov
Boris
nevmenandr@gmail.com
Moscow, Russian Federation
Individual semantics of L. N. Tolstoy in the context of vector models
The paper presents a digital approach to establishing the features of L.N. Tolstoy's individual semantics by means of vector space models. Two models were built on Tolstoy's texts. One of them was compared with an already available model from the rusvectores website. Special attention in the paper is paid to lexemes “любовь” (“love”) and “поле” (“field”). For the first one, the opposition of true and non-true love, significant in the context of the writer's worldview, is established; the latter is expressed by the words “боготворить” (“idolize”) and “обожать” (“adore”), which are neutral for the Russian language (but not for Tolstoy's language). The lexeme “поле” (“field”) against expectation expresses not battle, but agrarian and landscape meaning. When comparing the word vectors of Tolstoy's idiostyle and the Russian National Corpus, it was possible to identify those lexemes that differ least in semantics in the language and idiostyle. For example, the words “социалист” (“socialist”) and “таинство” (“sacrament”) belong to such lexemes. The method turns out to be promising for supplementing traditional lexicographic practices.
10.18721/JHSS.14409
81'322
word embeddings
semantics
Tolstoy
style
meaning
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.9/
119-129.pdf
RAR
RUS
130-141
Kuban State University
Khoutyz
Irina
ir_khoutyz@hotmail.com
Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Cross-cultural specifics of citing as a means of dialogic space expansion in academic discourse
Citing in academic discourse is a predictable activity aimed at explaining, informing, persuading and constructing a dialogue with the reader and disciplinary community. Citing is typically understood as the process of integrating someone else’s words into a new text. As a result, this text is enriched with new meanings. It has been established that depending on whether the source of citation is foregrounded or obscured, the space for establishing a dialogue might be either expanded or constricted. The aim of this paper is to identify the specifics of citing in international and Russian academic articles with a special focus on the ability of the quote to open up or narrow down the dialogic space. The research corpus includes 10 academic articles in Russian published in Russian journals and 10 academic articles in English found in international periodicals. The methods of contextual analysis, observation, classification, interpretation, and quantitative analysis were used during the study. The research corpus was compiled with the help of the purposive sampling. As a result, it was discovered that authors of academic articles published in international journals use citation more often than those authors who published their research in Russian-language journals. The citation that zooms on faceless words and not its human dimension is more often used in the English-language journals. This allows the author to boost the factuality of the research and thus construct the discourse that is objective, at the same time constricting the dialogic space for arguing and clarification. Citations foregrounding the human dimension prevail in the academic articles in Russian. This type of citation allows the author to create the atmosphere of discussion among the members of the academic community. The results of the research help us to better understand the process of citation, which, as it has turned out, is connected with cultural traditions of academic writing and might require switching to international citing expectations.
10.18721/JHSS.14410
81'42
citing
academic discourse
citation type
dialogic space
human factor
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.10/
130-141.pdf
BRV
RUS
142-149
0000-0001-9992-1851
St. Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences
Devel
Liudmila
miladevel@gmail.com
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
0000-0002-4253-8699
Ivanovo State University
Manik
Svetlana
maniksa@ivanovo.ac.ru
Ivanovo, Russian Federation
Political correctness as a bilingual lexicography object: Review of “English-Russian dictionary of politically correct language” by A.V. Vakhrusheva, E.V. Volkova. St. Peterburg: SPbGUP, 2023. ISBN 978-5-7621-1206-2
The review is devoted to the description of the “English-Russian Dictionary of Politically Correct Language” by A.V. Vakhrusheva and E.V. Volkova. The publication is the first dictionary in the Russian lexicographic market aimed at compiling comprehensive and up-to-date reference-book of politically correct vocabulary. Scientists call political correctness a special ideological reality, a linguistic movement, a cultural-behavioral and linguistic tendency. The authors of the dictionary have created an interdisciplinary work, which combines linguistic and linguocultural ideas about political correctness in Russian and English-language discourse. The material of the Dictionary covers texts of the leading American mass media published in the period from 2020 to 2022. The main method of selecting politically correct vocabulary is the content analysis method. The review cites the advantages of the Dictionary: thematic division, allocation of politically correct and politically incorrect words in separate columns, relevant examples from contemporary American mass-media resources. The major target audience of the Dictionary includes teachers, students and researchers of the peculiarities of the English language. The authors come to the conclusion on the significance and value of the Dictionary in contemporary English-Russian discourse since the work is considered to be large-scale and deserving close attention of translators, researchers, academics, students and wider circles of readership. Suggestions for further development of the Dictionary how to go about the research with more newspapers and magazines to be compared with American ones are stated at the end.
10.18721/JHSS.14411
811.111
political correctness
English-Russian discourse
“English-Russian Dictionary of politically correct language”
politically correct words
politically incorrect words
discrimination
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.11/
142-149.pdf
BRV
RUS
150-157
CAG-2007-2022
57226894893
0000-0002-0127-9934
Saint Petersburg State University
Ivanova
Svetlana
svet_victoria@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Language and culture as the subject matter of modern linguistics: A review on Holger Kuße's book “Culture-oriented linguistics. Introduction”. Moscow: Gnosis Publishing House, 2023. ISBN: 978-5-94244-079-4-
Language and culture have never ceased to arouse linguists’ interest for many a reason, among which an important, if not the main, role is played by the intertwining of both spheres due to their mutual reflection and close interaction at different levels. The description of this interaction involves the study of numerous markers associated with the existence and functioning of language at social, axiological, cognitive, and communicative levels. Holger Kuße's book “Culture-oriented linguistics. Introduction” (translated from German by M. Novoselova) presents a holistic view of the problems of interaction between language and culture. The book presents an original approach to the description of the interaction of language and culture and calls it “culture-oriented linguistics.” The author justifies the choice of the term used and shows its difference from the existing ones (linguoculturology, linguistic and regional studies, etc.). Starting from the origins when the problem of the relationship between language and culture was raised, the author shows the further course of linguistic thought, thanks to which the cultural turn of the second half of the 20th century became possible. The author demonstrates the interdisciplinarity and integrative character of linguistic research aimed at the analysis of the interweaving of culture-oriented linguistics, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Humboldtian linguistics, functional linguistics, pragmatic studies, semiotics and discourse-oriented research with the focus on political, economic, religious, legal, and scientific discourses. The value of this work lies in the fact that Holger Kuße bases his research on a unified approach, shows its heuristic potential in terms of analyzing various types of discourse, and outlines further prospects for linguistic and cultural studies.
10.18721/JHSS.14412
811’111
cultural linguistics
cultural turn
Humboldtian linguistics
language and culture
discourse
https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2023.54.12/
150-157.pdf