80301 2782-5450 Terra Linguistica 16 2 2025 1-146
RAR RUS 7-21 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Belyaeva Larisa belyaevaln@herzen.spb.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Kamshilova Olga onkamshilova@gmail.com
St. Peterburg, Russian Federation
 Tonality of peer-review vocabulary in the focus of the reviewer’s conclusion The expression and articulation of scientific assessment are key instruments in professional academic communication, and the text of peer-review exhibits a distinctly institutionalized nature, which making it a highly relevant subject for studies of expert discursive practices. The focus of this study is the relationship between the tonality of the vocabulary of the peer-review text and the general evaluative background, expressed in the reviewer’s conclusion. Based on the research corpus of peer-reviews and the Russian sentiment lexicon (RuSentiLex), the article analyzes the reviewer’s use of words expressing a qualification assessment (adjectives, adverbs) and their distribution across subcorpora of positive and negative reviews. The analysis revealed a list of evaluative lexemes evenly distributed across both subcorpora, which represents the basic evaluative vocabulary of a peer-review, determined by the journal editorial standards (a review template). The uniformity of the distribution of the basic vocabulary is maintained by changing the tonality to the opposite one using grammatical and lexical means of negation and gradation of the evaluation. Thus, a balance is established between the used sentiment lexicon and the reviewer’s conclusion. Additional sentiment lexicon indicates that the repertoire of positive assessments is very limited, while the more represented and diverse means of explicit negative assessment indicate the categorical directness – a hallmark of Russian peer-reviews. The studied material shows a positive correlation between the choice of sentiment lexicon and the reviewers’ final verdicts, in negative contexts, the semantization and contextualization of neutrally colored vocabulary induces a corresponding assessment, which strengthens the reviewer’s final verdict. 10.18721/JHSS.16201 81’33 sentiment lexicon negative assessment positive assessment peer-review expert academic practice text corpus https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.1/ 7-21.pdf
RAR RUS 22-40 0000-0003-1196-1117 St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kagirov Ildar kagirov@iias.spb.su
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 0009-0001-5572-3842 St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kiseleva Kseniia kiseleva.k@iias.spb.su
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 0000-0002-1264-4458 St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kipyatkova Irina kipyatkova@iias.spb.su
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Code-switching analysis in Karelian language speakers' speech This paper addresses the code-switching phenomena in contemporary Karelian speech (Livvi dialect), focusing on their structural, morphophonological, and pragmatic aspects. While Karelian-Russian bilingualism has been widely studied, a range of key problems regarding code-switching patterns, mechanisms of morphophonological adaptation of donor-code elements, and their communicative functions remain understudied. This study addresses this gap by providing a formal analysis of Karelian-Russian code-switching. For this research, a corpus of 41 recordings (3.6 hours) of spontaneous narratives collected by the authors in 2024–2025 is used. The analysis follows Johanson's and Muysken's theoretical frameworks, employing formal analysis of the distribution of discursive context types, morphophonological models of embedding the elements of the donor code and their part-of-speech features. The results showed that code-switching occurs in 65% of utterances, with insertion as the dominant strategy; nouns show the highest frequency, exhibiting extensive global copying; verbs and adjectives demonstrate stronger morphological adaptation; switching peaks in metatextual discourse types (comments, quotations). The results confirm the systematic nature of Karelian-Russian code-switching, while suggesting need for broader investigation. The study contributes to contact linguistics by examining code-switching patterns in dominant-language bilingualism contexts. 10.18721/JHSS.16202 81’22 Karelian language Livvi-Karelian dialect code-switching bilingualism global copying discourse analysis Balto-Finnic languages https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.2/ 22-40.pdf
RAR RUS 41-55 Pushkin Leningrad State University Kalinina Svetlana
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Pushkin Leningrad State University Kotsyubinskaya Lyubov' l.kocubinskaya@lengu.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Ontology as a tool for mashine translation terminological optimization of oil and gas industry lexis The study relevance is stipulated by terminological inaccuracy in machine translation of highly specialized oil and gas industry texts. Competence in domain-specific terminology is the essential prerequisite for effective cross-linguistic communication in global business projects. The modern large language models (LLMs) based on the transformer architecture feature the limitations processing language for special purposes (LSP); thereby appealing to computational lexicography becomes necessary. In the AI era, ontology is a key lexicographic tool providing semantic precision within the certain domains. The linguistic competence of a specialist engaged in natural language text processing is the base for technical knowledge effective management, ensuring transformer adaptation to highly specialized contexts. The article is aimed to substantiate the reasonability of ontological approach application to machine processing of highly specialized texts in natural language. To achieve that aim several tasks shall be addressed: justification of ontological approach to the LSP at the present stage of the applied linguistics progress; description of essential properties of actual English oil and gas terminology; creation of oil and gas equipment ontology fragment using Protégé editor; processing of EN_RU technical text using the DeepSeek R1 transformer model considering the ontology fragment; presentation of the results in a comparative table format. The research material comprises the current terminology lexis functioning in English scientific and technical literature and oil and gas industry periodicals. Methodological basis includes terminology frame analysis procedure, ontology building method. The research results are practically significant for oil and gas translation projects: the ontology application in transformers ensures higher terminological accuracy in comparison with a basic model, providing LLMs adaptation to the technical terminology requirements. Thus, the ontological approach transforms translation procedures through the combination of technology innovation and linguistic expertise for deeper understanding of the technical lexis in specialized knowledge spreading. 10.18721/JHSS.16203 811’111 oil and gas industry terminology transformer model lexicographic automation ontology terminology management https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.3/ 41-55.pdf
RAR RUS 56-70 6523-2016 57189038663 0000-0002-6326-8392 St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI” Klochkova Yelena esklochkova@etu.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Evaluation strategies in open peer-review: Polarity of evaluation and representational variability The article examines the linguistic representation of evaluation in open peer review reports. Open peer-review as a relatively new discourse practice of academic communication makes the review process publicly visible – an approach intended to mitigate unconstructive criticism and potential conflicts in academic expert communication. The reviewer faces the task of conducting a qualified academic expertise while respecting the politeness principles and ethical norms of academic communication. The central research question of the paper is related to what linguo-semiotic and linguo-pragmatic resources are used to construct evaluative meanings of different polarity (positive or negative) in the open reviews. The analysis is based on the research corpus of open peer-reviews published from 2023 to 2025 on OpenReview.net. The corpus includes 60 reviews, annotated using the instrument for textual markup CATMA. In the process of annotation evaluative contexts with positive and negative polarity as well as linguistic devices for modifying evaluative meanings were identified. Quantitative analysis was additionally used to determine the dominant evaluative strategies and the corresponding linguistic resources. The paper also concludes that the evaluative strategies in open peer-reviews heavily depend on the evaluative polarity. Positive evaluations are mainly objectivized, explicit and non-graduated. Such evaluations are monologic, i.e., no alternatives are suggested. Negative evaluations tend to be subjectivized, implicit, and graduated. They are presented as dialogic, providing scope for discussion. 10.18721/JHSS.16204 811.111-26 academic expert communication open peer-review English-language academic peer-review linguistic evaluation evaluation strategy https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.4/ 56-70.pdf
RAR RUS 71-84 0000-0002-8418-0453 Kemerovo State Institute of Culture Lushpey Anastasiia
Kemerovo, Russian Federation
 0000-0003-2536-9886 Smolensk State University Lunkova Ekaterina
Smolensk, Russian Federation
 Features of the territorial distribution of derivatives with the -ush/a formant in Western and Siberian dialects of the Russian dialect language The study of the word-formation level of the Russian dialect language is mostly represented by the analysis of the word-formation types of concrete-noun derivatives. Study of derivatives with the suffix -ush/a offers unique insights into derivational niches, due to the ambiguity of the motivating basis and the polyvalence of the suffix. The description of the territorial distribution of derivatives with the suffix -ush/a in Western Russian dialects of the European part of Russia and in Siberian dialects demonstrates the specifics of their functioning: Western dialects have a large number of archaic models, and Siberian dialects indicate the shift of models towards personal nominations, often with negative connotation; at the same time, the stability and unity of elements of word-formation niche may indicate a relatively new linguistic trend, which characterizes Siberian dialects. 10.18721/JHSS.16205 811.161.1'282 dialects Western dialects Siberian dialects word-formation formant word-formation niche derivatives https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.5/ 71-84.pdf
RAR RUS 85-100 0000-0001-5556-5349 Petrozavodsk State University Moskin Nikolai moskin@petrsu.ru
Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
 0000-0001-9939-9389 Petrozavodsk State University Lebedev Alexander perevodchik88@yandex.ru
Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
 Explanatory potential of aggregating graph-theoretical models of fairy tale plots in philological text analysis practice In the study of folklore, one of the important tasks is the classification and systematization of the types of Russian fairy tales. To solve this problem, a mathematical model was created, which is a labeled graph. It is designed to identify the central events that define the plot structure of fairy tales. The present study was conducted using algorithms for aggregating graph-theoretical models of fairy-tale plots in order to simplify and generalize their structure, as well as subsequent interpretation. As part of the testing of the proposed methodology, 41 fairy tales (including recurring plots) and their corresponding graph-theoretical models were analyzed. The texts were taken from “Russian Fairy Tales” book compiled by A. Afanasyev. When forming the sample, the prevalence of the text in folk tradition and its typicality for Russian folklore were taken into account. A graph was assigned to each text, where the vertices denote characters, objects, and events, and the edges reflect their relationships (gifting, exchange, and event repetition). Using the example of the text “The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life”, the plot of which includes many characters and their interactions, shows the aggregation procedure, which is the combining of similar elements of the graph in order to reduce its complexity without loss of information. This does not take into account the ordering of vertices and edges, and there is no predefined structure of a simple graph. The method was implemented in the “Folklore” information system. The best quality indicators are achieved with the number of vertices equal to ten and the significance threshold of communication indicators equal to 0.2. 10.18721/JHSS.16206 81’33 Russian fairy tale characters graph-theoretical model aggregation “Folklore” information system https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.6/ 85-100.pdf
RAR RUS 101-117 Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Piotrovskaya Larisa larisa11799@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Theoretical framework for distinguishing the terms “description of emotions”, “expression of emotions”, and “reflection of emotions” in linguistic analysis The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the “language and emotions” problem, taking into account the basic theoretical linguistic and psychological postulates as well as linguistic and psychological classifications of emotions. Grounded in cognitive theory, the research presents a novel approach, when three (not two – “language of describing emotions” and “language of expressing emotions”) aspects are distinguished: “description of emotions”, “expression of emotions”, and “reflection of emotions”. The heterogeneity of the “language of expressing emotions”, and, consequently, the distinction between expression and reflection of emotions are due to the fact that not all emotions encoded by the subject of speech constitute his communicative intentionality. Emotion description (conscious cognitive processing of emotional states) requires explicit emotion-denoting lexemes (irritation/irritate, disturbance/disturb, astonishment/astonish, admiration/admire, grief/grieve etc.). When expressing emotions, human cognitive activity is aimed at a fragment of the external situation, while the speaker must directly experience the corresponding emotions at the moment of speech. From a strictly linguistic point of view, emotion expression manifests through specialized linguistic markers with emotive meaning components. Since the sphere of expression of emotions is a minimal communicative unit, such emotions constitute the dominant semantic content in emotive utterances (e.g., “Some hero he is!”). Emotion reflection (uncontrolled by the subject of speech) is realized in significant fragments of the text, such emotions are spontaneous, correlate with speaker's general affective state; moreover, they do not have specific linguistic encoders, since to a certain extent this also depends on the emotional personality type. 10.18721/JHSS.16207 81’42:159.942 emotive meaning emotive utterances text intention description of emotions expression of emotions reflection of emotions https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.7/ 101-117.pdf
RAR RUS 118-134 0009-0002-7171-2307 Duy Tan University Nguyen Thi Bich Giang nguyentbichgiang@dtu.edu.vn
Da Nang City, Vietnam
 0000-0002-5236-993X The University of Da Nang Tran Xuan Hiep txhiep@ued.udn.vn
Da Nang City, Vietnam
 Disclaim resources in Donald Trump’s inaugural speeches: A corpus-based approach This study employs a corpus-based mixed-methods approach to analyze the deployment of Disclaim resources – specifically the Deny and Counter subcategories of the Engagement subsystem – Donald Trump’s 2017 and 2025 inaugural speeches. The analysis reveals an increase in the total number of Disclaim instances from 39 in 2017 to 56 in 2025, with Deny expressions rising from 23 (59.0%) to 39 (69.6%) and Counter expressions showing a slight increase in absolute terms from 16 to 17 but a proportional decrease from 41.0% to 30.4%. This shift reflects a more assertive rhetorical style in the 2025 speech, characterized by an intensified rejection of alternative viewpoints and reduced engagement with contrasting perspectives. The 2025 speech also demonstrates a broader lexical range of Counter resources, despite their lower relative frequency, indicating a sophisticated strategic variation. The findings of this study have significant implications for political discourse analysis by illustrating how political figures employ appraisal resources to construct ideological identities, manage intersubjective positioning, and guide audience alignment. Beyond linguistics, the findings inform political communication, media literacy, and English language education by elucidating the mechanisms, through which political actors influence public perception and discourse dynamics. This research thus advances understanding of Dialogic Contraction’s evolving role in political rhetoric and underscores the functions of Disclaim resources in articulating and contesting meaning in contemporary political communication. 10.18721/JHSS.16208 81’33 engagement resources disclaim deny counter inauguration speech political discourse corpus analysis https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.8/
BRV RUS 135-146 0000-0002-2440-3918 The Vologda Theological Seminary Zagumennov Alexander
Vologda, Russian Federation
 Language reflection. Book Review: Shchedrovitsky G.P. At the crossroads of thought: Introduction to the system-thinking-activity approach. Moscow: MIF, 2024. 672 P. ISBN 978-5-00214-612-3 The review examines a new publication featuring the works of G.P. Shchedrovitsky, the philosophical leader of the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMC) and one of Russia’s most influential 20th-century thinkers. As the first volume of a planned 10-volume collection, “At the crossroads of thought: Introduction to the system-thinking-activity approach” uniquely presents the core principles of Shchedrovitsky’s system-thinking-activity approach not in chronological or thematic sequence, but in the logic of the approach itself. The publishers tried to convey the spirit of the work of G.P. Shchedrovitsky and his associates by collecting in one book not only articles or reports by Shchedrovitsky himself, but also debate on his theses transcripts, containing arguments of his opponents etc. In the review, the focus is on the points important for linguistics (language/sign systems theory), because the linguistic commentary clearly lacks in the first volume. Its undoubted merit includes the following: previously unpublished archival materials, editorial annotations contextualizing debates, comprehensive bibliography (1957–2014 publications), name and subject indices. The publication is intended for philosophers, logicians and researchers of Russian intellectual history, as well as linguists, since it captures the part of the history of philological sciences in the second half of the 20th century. The work appears to be large-scale, promising and deserves close attention from the widest range of readers. 10.18721/JHSS.16209 81`22 language sign system reflection thinking understanding activity https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.60.9/ 135-146.pdf