80301 2782-5450 Terra Linguistica 16 3 2025 1-198
EDI RUS 7-12 0000-0003-1323-4220 Institute of Linguistics, RAS Feshchenko Vladimir
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Language – discourse – corpus: key vectors in linguistic pragmatics The article reviews the history and current state of linguopragmatic research. It reveals that in the Russian research context it is the linguistic branch of pragmatic research that has become widespread. The definition of pragmatics by Arutyunova is discussed. The role of Yuri Stepanov, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the development of the Russian semiotic tradition of pragmatics is noted. New research areas and the most important modern Russian publications on linguistic pragmatics are indicated. In recent years, due to the increased role of computer technology, linguistics and other humanities have seen a transition from the anthropocentric paradigm oriented towards the individual as the main object of study – to data-centrism with its focus on processing big data, abstracted from the individual characteristics of the speaker. The research question arises: how does the “problem of the subject” change in this case, which is the basis for the pragmatic dimension of language, according to the well-known article by Yuri Stepanov “In Search of Pragmatics: the Problem of the Subject” 1981. The purpose of this thematic issue is to discuss the current state of research in linguistic pragmatics in interaction with current and promising areas of linguistics. The issue is dedicated to the 95th anniversary of Yuri Sergeevich Stepanov (1930–2012), an outstanding Russian linguist and semiotician, a pioneer in the study of discourse, pragmatics and philosophy of language in Russia. 10.18721/JHSS.16301 800 language discourse corpus linguopragmatics semiotics Yu.S. Stepanov https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.1/ 7-12.pdf
RAR RUS 13-30 C-2550-2016 56766170500 0000-0002-0539-6230 The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg State University Vilinbakhova Elena elenavilinb@yandex.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 0000-0002-1187-0680 The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Zevakhina Natalia
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 The pragmatics of the Spanish verb resultar ‘turn out’ for expressing evidentiality and new knowledge in academic texts In this study, we examine the uses of the Spanish verb resultar ‘to turn out’ in the light of two approaches: the traditional evidential approach and the more recent emergence-of-new-knowledge approach. According to the evidential approach, resultar is an evidential marker: it conveys an inferential meaning acquired by the speaker through the process of evaluation. The emergence-of-new-knowledge approach suggests that the inferential meaning arises due to the context in which resultar is used and its core meaning is emergence of new knowledge. We firstly discuss both approaches within the broader theoretical frameworks of evidentiality and mirativity and then turn to our corpus study. We look at the uses of resultar in the syntactic pattern resultar + adjective, which is the most common pattern for resultar in written discourse but remains understudied within the emergence-of-new-knowledge approach. Our data comes from Spanish academic texts; since the process of acquiring new knowledge and the ways to describe it are central to the academic discourse, it is expected that the emergence-of-new-knowledge interpretation for resultar will obtain additional support. Annotation was carried out according to the following parameters: (i) evaluative/non-evaluative adjectives used with resultar and (ii) emergence/absence of new knowledge. The study showed that although the verb resultar appears more often with evaluative adjectives than with non-evaluative adjectives, it can still be used as an evidential strategy on its own, which provides support to the evidential approach. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the verb resultar does not always convey new knowledge in our corpus. Thus, we conclude that the evidential approach provides a better analysis of resultar in the examined syntactic pattern, while emergence-of-new-knowledge approach still requires further development possibly taking into account other mirative meanings. 10.18721/JHSS.16302 81-114.2 evidentiality mirativity new knowledge evaluative adjectives Spanish academic discourse https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.2/ 13-30.pdf
RAR RUS 31-45 0000-0003-4531-6968 Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dobrovol'skij Dmitrij
Moscow, Russian Federation
 0000-0001-7368-2135 Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Levontina Irina
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Questioning the purpose of questions: Metacommunicative devices in language (a contrastive study of German and Russian) The article focuses on linguistic expressions we refer to as metacommunicative. These expressions indicate that the speaker is commenting not on extralinguistic reality but on their own communicative tasks or the communicative goals and skills of their interlocutor. This mode of usage is based on a regular mechanism of shifting the words’ scope of reference from the content of the utterance to the communication itself. These metalinguistic usages are akin to metatextual expressions, as well as to illocutionary (rhetorical) units, which, in a way, shape reality rather than describe it. The difference between metatextual and metacommunicative meanings lies in the fact that the former pertain to the utterance itself, while the latter concern the illocutionary goal – not shaping it (as in rhetorical expressions) but commenting on it. The article examines some metacommunicative units in Russian and German. The focus is on the German words warum and wieso in the sense of ‘why are you asking?’ and their Russian equivalent a chto, as well as expressions with broader meanings, such as ty chego?, ty chto, sovsem uzhe?, ty s duba rukhnul?, nu-nu!, da nu tebya!, etc., which can serve as reactions to the interlocutor’s words. The primary research material comes from the German-Russian and Russian-German subcorpora of the Russian National Corpus. 10.18721/JHSS.16303 81 Russian German parallel text corpus metacommunication metatextual units illocutionary goal https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.3/ 31-45.pdf
RAR RUS 46-65 0000-0002-0430-7769 Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Zykova Irina
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Parameters of pragmatic analysis of phraseology in multimodal discourse (the case study of feature films) The article is devoted to the pragmaphraseological analysis of cinematic discourse. The cinematic discourse mirrors typical patterns of modern oral communication that underwent artistic processing through the means of cinema as a special form of art. The research aims to develop a parametric approach to the pragmatic study of phraseological units in films, which can provide a comprehensive assessment of their pragmatic potential, taking into account the multimodal nature of cinematic discourse and its belonging to artistic communication. The study is interdisciplinary. It applies a number of basic concepts and modern theories from the fields of linguopragmatics, phraseology, corpus linguistics, conceptual modeling of film poetics, and multimodal discourse-analysis. The source of phraseological material is two Russian-language feature films selected from the Multimedia Film Corpus created by the author. The approach elaborated in the present paper involves eight interrelated parameters. The application of this approach established the ratio of five structural-functional classes of phraseological units used in films as well as the range of situations and the dominant register of communication that ensure the characters’ choice of phraseological units to achieve their pragmatic goals. The use of phraseological units may depend on the gender of the addresser and the addressee. In the films under analysis, phraseological units occur more often in reactive utterances than in stimulus utterances. The interlocutors’ reactions to their use can be of three main types: both verbal and non-verbal; only verbal, and only non-verbal. The established pragmatic models revealed a correspondence between the illocutionary intentions realized through phraseological units and the achieved perlocutionary effects. As was found, the use of phraseological means is successful in cases of full or partial semantic-pragmatic accordance of a phraseological unit with the addressee’s reaction. 10.18721/JHSS.16304 81’42 pragmatics phraseology parametrization multimodal discourse artistic communication cinematic discourse feature film https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.4/ 46-65.pdf
RAR RUS 66-86 0000-0003-1597-6527 The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kazakovskaya Victoria
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Subject of modal utterances in Russian child speech (case study) This study is dedicated to the functioning of means of expressing subject semantics (personal pronouns and nouns) in relation to the development of modal (deontic and epistemic) evaluation of utterances, considered in the context of modally unmarked verb-based constructions. The repertoire of early expressions for each predicative category is identified, their frequency and distribution characteristics are determined and the features of the corresponding utterances are discussed. Modal constructions and the means of expressing the subject within them in the child’s speech production are compared with similar data in the speech of adults – child-directed speech and adult-directed speech. The material for the study is a longitudinal corpus of data, transcribed and morphologically coded in accordance with CHILDES (over 8 hours of audio and video recordings, containing more than 15,500 tokens). The target informant is a typically developing, three-year-old Russian-speaking boy from a middle socio-economic status family. An oral sub-corpus of the Russian National Corpus is used to compare the subject and modal preferences of speakers in the “adult – child” dyad and in adult-directed speech. The results of the analysis of the subject component in child utterances indicate the dominance of personal pronouns with first-person semantics over other personal semantics and their expressions. Within the modality domain, deontic semantics predominates over epistemic. Within the former obligation prevails, while within the latter uncertainty is dominant. Deontically and epistemically marked utterances show a strong correlational relationship. In terms of the frequency of modal-marked utterances, child speech production is comparable to the adult-directed speech, while in terms of the preferences for subject expression means, it aligns with parental input. In modal utterances in the “adult – child” dyad, the proportions of personal pronoun subjects and their pro-drop are equal, whereas in adult-directed speech, personal pronouns are used more frequently than omitted. A common feature for all speakers is the lower frequency of nominal subjects. 10.18721/JHSS.16305 81’232.811.161.1 first language acquisition personal pronouns pro-drop nouns deontic modality epistemic modality longitudinal observation https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.5/ 66-86.pdf
RAR RUS 87-101 0000-0002-9281-0726 Institute of Linguistics, RAS Nikulicheva Dina
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Expressing observer perspective through “misalignment of tenses” in Danish fiction and media texts The article studies the sequence of tenses phenomenon and its systemic violations in the modern Danish language in order to explain these phenomena from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics, pragmatics, and anthropocentrism. The subject of the study is various types of functional and contextual violations of the temporal agreement rule in Danish fiction and media texts. A linguo-pragmatic perspective chosen to study violations of the basic agreement norm helps to reveal nuances of communicative meanings. In this regard, the following phenomena are investigated: violation of the prospective agreement norm (Futurum vs. Futurum in Præterito), violation of the retrospective agreement rule (Perfektum vs. Plusquamperfektum, Præsens vs. Præteritum, Præteritum vs. Plusquamperfektum). For the first time, the categories of perspectivization and distancing were selected to explain the increasing complexity of analytical forms of the Danish verb, as well as the types of violations of temporal misalignment. The research methodology consists of: 1) correlating situations within one statement which are objectively separated in time with the grammatical forms of their predicates; 2) comparing taxis fragments of the Danish texts with their translated Russian equivalents; 3) comparing the functioning of temporal forms in fiction and media texts. Parallel literary texts, presented by Danish originals and their literary translations into Russian, as well as the National Corpus of the Modern Danish Language served as material for the study. The study reveals that temporal misalignment in Danish fiction and media texts has a common cognitive explanation based on the change in temporal perspective by the producer of the text, while the difference in specific formal types of misalignment in fiction and media is determined by their communicative purposes. 10.18721/JHSS.16306 811.113.4 Danish language taxis misalignment of tenses perspectivization temporal empathy temporal and epistemic distancing https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.6/ 87-101.pdf
RAR RUS 102-115 0000-0002-7516-6705 N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Radbil Timur
Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
 Pragmatics of evaluation in the aspect of the corpus-discourse analysis: the model “tot yeshche / yeshche tot X” in Russian colloquial speech The article examines the semantic and pragmatic features of the discursive implementation of Russian colloquial collocations, which reflects various evaluative effects. The focus of the study is the expressive model “tot yeshche / yeshche tot X”. The corpus-discourse analysis is used. The study is based on examples of usage extracted from the main corpus in the Russian National Corpus. The study reveals a set of contexts in 200 units, obtained by the method of continuous sampling and marked in accordance with the presence of implicit positive/negative evaluation or its absence. In addition to the possibility of negative-evaluative uses of the analyzed model, accompanied by expressions of disapproval, and its positive-evaluative uses, accompanied by expressions of approval or admiration, reflected in scientific literature and lexicographic sources, the presented corpus-discourse analysis revealed another group of uses, neutral in terms of evaluation, but at the same time, having emotional-expressive marking: ʽsignificantly distinguished by characteristics, properties, features inherent in the defined conceptʼ. Thus, it is shown that the model “tot yeshche / yeshche tot X” acts as a shifter, or as a pragmatic operator of intensification, indicating a violation of the speaker’s norm, that is, denoting something out of the ordinary (in a good, bad or neutral sense). Particular attention is paid to cases of euphemistic use of this model, exploiting the figure of silence. The quantitative analysis presented in the final stage of the study allowed us to identify a significant predominance of negative-evaluative uses of the analyzed model in the speech practice of modern native speakers of Russian. It is concluded that in most cases the expression “tot yeshche / yeshche tot” might be considered as a representative context for expressing a specific ambiguous type of value in the Russian culture as pseudo-value (false, imaginary value). 10.18721/JHSS.16307 811.161.1’37:392.7 model “tot yeshche / yeshche tot X” implicit evaluation pragmatic intensifier corpus-discursive analysis quantitative analysis Russian colloquial speech https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.7/ 102-115.pdf
RAR RUS 116-127 Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Severskaya Olga oseverskaya@yandex.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Pragmatic variables of poetic text: metareality reference index The article is devoted to one of the problems of poetic pragmasemantics, namely, the analysis of pragmatic variables actualized in the context of referential meanings that form the index of reference of the possible world of a poetic text. Having set the goal of presenting the variables I, YOU, HERE, NOW, THERE, THEN, WORLD as an integral pragmasystem characteristic of a certain poetic sociolect, the author defines the “index of reference of metareality” based on the poetry of A. Eremenko, I. Zhdanov and A. Parshchikov as the most prominent representatives of the metarealism school. The study presented in the article was carried out on the basis of the National Corpus of the Russian Language by the corpus content method, using quantitative and qualitative, linguopragmatic and linguopoetic analysis. Based on existing studies of the referentiality of poetic text and its pragmasemantics, the author defines pragmatic variables as a system of operators that correlate the semantics of deictic signs with a multitude of textual worlds-contexts. Based on the analysis of microcontexts that actualize pragmatic variables, the participation of variables in the formation of the focus of empathy and the “common field of vision” of the addresser and addressee as a starting point for interpreting the text was established, the main meanings of variables and their deictic projections were identified, and the principles of “packaging” pragmatic information about the world of the text that are common to metarealists were defined. The author comes to the conclusion that metarealism is characterized by transparency and permeability of the subject positions of both the addresser and the addressee, the interdependence of reference indices, deictic shifts in the I- and YOU-contexts, the predominance of variables with spatial meaning, used to designate time, the duality of reference of all variables, reflecting the complexity and multidimensionality of metareality as a system of “possible worlds”. 10.18721/JHSS.16308 81'42 pragmatic variables index of reference pragmasemantics focus of empathy referential ambiguity contextualization metarealism https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.8/ 116-127.pdf
RAR RUS 128-145 0000-0003-4399-0094 Institute of Linguistics, RAS Sokolova Olga
Moscow, Russian Federation
 “Loquor ergo sum”: A corpus-pragmatic analysis of verbs of speaking in poetic discourse and colloquial speech This article explores the concept of poetic pragmatics, which is defined as the tendency of contemporary poetry to converge with the pragmatics of everyday communication by employing a range of linguistic devices that are characteristic of ordinary speech. However, poetic discourse transforms these devices to emphasize the unique nature of poetic utterances, which are not equivalent to everyday speech. The study addresses the question of how verbs of speaking function pragmatically in poetic discourse compared to their use in everyday communication. The analysis draws on corpus-based methods and discourse-specific insights, using an original poetic corpus comprising 3 million words in Russian, Italian, and English, alongside spoken language corpora: the Russian National Corpus (spoken subcorpus), KIParla (L’italiano parlato e chi parla italiano), and the spoken section of Corpus of Contemporary American English. The results reveal that, while these verbs are often considered redundant in everyday speech, in poetic contexts they acquire additional functions and meanings. They serve as instruments of metalinguistic reflection and enable a “pragmatic experiment”, developing functions such as autocommunicative, metatextual, illocutionary suicide, and participation in speech acts of silence. These results offer deeper insights into the mechanisms of the pragmatic dimension of language, highlight the distinctive pragmatic features of contemporary poetry, and demonstrate the ability of verbs of speaking to evolve a broad spectrum of functions and to operate in contexts marked by persistent multifunctionality. 10.18721/JHSS.16309 81; 81-25; 811.161.1; 811.131.1; 811.111 corpus pragmatics illocutionary verbs performatives poetic discourse colloquial speech https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.9/ 128-145.pdf
RAR RUS 146-165 0000-0003-1323-4220 Institute of Linguistics, RAS Feshchenko Vladimir
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Egocentric particulars in poetry: a corpus-based discourse analysis of the russian particle мол The article proposes a corpus analysis of the Russian particle мол as one of the discourse markers used in a variety of speech practices – from everyday speech to literary discourses. The aim of the study is to find out how the xeno-marker мол functions in literary discourse against the background of its usage in ordinary speech and other types of speech. The study mainly explores poetic discourse as the most experimental and linguo-creative of literary discourses from the point of view of the language norm and usage. The methodology of the study is a corpus-based discourse analysis of pragmatic units. This study uses the resources of the Russian National Corpus, as well as our own corpus of contemporary Russophone poetic discourse. The analysis of the xeno-marker мол in various subcorpora of the Russian language showed a higher frequency of its use in literary discourse compared to corpora of non-literary texts and other types of speech. Calculations demonstrate that the use of the particle мол has not died out either in modern colloquial speech or in recent literary discourse. The obtained data confirm the hypothesis about the increased role of linguopragmatic tools in contemporary poetic discourse compared to poetic texts of previous periods. At the same time, in poetic discourse, the use of xeno-markers, although frequent, is not as conventional as in other discourses. Examples of the unconventional use of the particle in poetry of the 20th – 21st centuries show its greater freedom of collocation, as well as the ability to resemantize. In poetic texts, the creation of ambiguity can be deliberately used, in which the word мол can be interpreted in several ways at once. For poetic discourse, especially contemporary one, the fragility of the boundaries between the self and the other turns out to be a productive way of generating meaning and text and – with the help of discourse markers – a means of actualizing the creative potential of linguistic pragmatics. 10.18721/JHSS.16310 800 corpus pragmatics xeno-marker poetic discourse corpus-based discourse analysis everyday speech https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.10/ 146-165.pdf
RAR RUS 166-182 0000-0002-1531-5780 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Chernyakov Alexey
Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
 0000-0001-7941-7236 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Tsvigun Tatiana
Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
 The response to gratitude in Russian linguoculture: “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) as a pragmatic variable The article offers an analysis of the idiomatic speech formula “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) as a fragment of the communicative scenario “response to gratitude”. The ambiguity and contextual dependence of this formula allow us to consider it as a “pragmatic variable” that is used in speech to implement a number of different illocutionary attitudes. Perceived on a superficial level as a neutral formalized response to gratitude, the verbal formula “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) can be perceived by communicants as a way of verbally devaluing the service rendered or establishing hidden hierarchical relationships between interlocutors. The research methodology includes a corpus analysis of examples from the National Corpus of the Russian language (NCRL), as well as the systematization of experimental data, the participants of which were asked to reflect their assessments of this speech formula in projection on various communicative situations. Based on the data of the NCRL, the main pragmatic scenarios of the verbal use of the formula “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) are described, ranging from a neutral ritual response to gratitude to the expression of refusal of gratitude, deferred gratitude, exchange of communicative roles, etc. These scenarios outline a wide range of communicative attitudes, which confirms the concept of the “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) formula as a “pragmatic variable”. The results of the experiment show that many respondents are aware of the potential inappropriateness of the phrase depending on the social status of the interlocutors, in particular, the use of “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) in asymmetric communication situations can be assessed as unethical or impolite. The authors conclude that the speech formula “you’re welcome” (ne za chto) is a multi-valued and contextually dependent expression, taking into account the semantics and pragmatics of which requires native speakers to take a conscious approach to choosing speech formulas depending on the context and social status of the participants in communication. 10.18721/JHSS.16311 81'42 linguistic pragmatics discursive and corpus analysis linguistic reflection speech formulas pragmatics of gratitude https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.11/ 166-182.pdf
RAR RUS 183-198 0000-0001-7215-0604 Moscow State Linguistic University Kiose Maria
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Pragmatization of spatial deixis in multimodal spoken discourse Adopting the framework of multimodal discourse analysis, the study explores the pragmatization of spatial deixis in first-person perspective utterances in monologues. It aims to reveal the possible discourse construal patterns, which contribute to enhancing the pragmatic potential of spatial deixis. Following the postulates of cognitive, linguistic, and gestural approaches to spatial deixis, the study develops a multi-dimensional framework encompassing ontological, functional, and multimodal dimensions of spatial deixis pragmatization. It further identifies their pragmatic effects in the collected corpus (111 minutes long comprising 725 clauses in the first-person perspective and 1959 cases of co-speech gesture) featuring 147 clauses with spatial deixis and 259 cases of co-speech gesture use. In ontological dimension, the deictic markers expressing the coordinate ‘here’ display high potential for pragmatization since they more frequently construe farther space. In functional dimension, pragmatization in less common with a quarter of deictic markers being pragmatized. Meanwhile, in multimodal dimension, pragmatic gestures are used far more frequently than deictic or representational gestures with spatial deixis markers, which evidences of high pragmatic potential of multimodal spatial construal. The results show that pragmatization is both multi-dimensional and scaled; additionally, each of the three dimensions contributes differently to enhancing spatial deixis pragmaticity in multimodal discourse. The study paves the way for an integrated cognitive, linguistic, and multimodal view of pragmaticity in discourse, which helps scale the pragmaticity effects in different discourse types. 10.18721/JHSS.16312 81’22 spatial deixis pragmatization deictic coordinate multimodal discourse spoken monologue gesture https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2025.61.12/ 183-198.pdf