80301 2782-5450 Terra Linguistica 17 1 2026 1-162
RAR RUS 7-23 0000-0002-6659-6519 Perm State University Erofeeva Elena elenerofee@gmail.com
Perm, Russian Federation
 Perm State University Tyuleneva Alexandra tuleneva.aleksa@yandex.ru
Perm, Russian Federation
 Language Vitality Index: Modeling and Testing Language vitality, or viability, is determined by a combination of objective and subjective components of a linguistic situation and may be defined as an assessment of a language’s current functional status as well as a certain forecast regarding its use in the future. The evaluative and predictive nature of language vitality necessitates the use of tools to determine its level. This article proposes a version of a language vitality index designed for this purpose. The index incorporates such parameters as language proficiency, its use in family and non-family communication, intergenerational language transmission, speakers’ language loyalty, and the rate of decline in the number of speakers. The proposed index is being tested to determine the current level of vitality of the Komi-Permyak language. This language is classified as endangered, which requires regular monitoring of its state. The proposed index provides a practical instrument for this task. The data required to calculate the index were obtained from a survey conducted in 2023–2024 among 87 Komi-Permyak respondents. An analysis of demographic data and informants’ responses shows that the current vitality index of the Komi-Permyak language is 31.7, indicating a low level of vitality. This assessment coincides with vitality assessments obtained using qualitative methods, which confirms the validity of the index; however, the index is a more precise tool and determines the level of vitality not at intervals, but at points. In addition, the values of the component indices demonstrate that both objective (the functional status of the Komi-Permyak language) and subjective (speakers’ language loyalty) components of the linguistic situation are vulnerable, which may push the language towards a language shift situation. 10.18721/JHSS.17101 81’27: 811.511.13 linguistic situation objective components subjective components language vitality language vitality index partial indices Komi-Permyak language https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.1/ 7-23.pdf
RAR RUS 24-42 0000-0001-8830-5121 The Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoshchekova Sofia krasnoshchekova_sv@iling.spb.ru
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 0000-0002-5041-2498 Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences Galkina Elena
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
 Evidential Strategies in Russian-language Media Texts of the Kyrgyz Republic The article addresses the problem of evidential strategies in Russian-language media texts produced under conditions of Russian-Kyrgyz bilingualism and their correlation with analogous strategies in Russian news texts created in a monolingual environment. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing interest of modern linguistics in the study of evidential strategies under conditions of language contacts and bilingualism. The aim of the study is to identify, through comparative analysis, the similarities and differences in the use of the main evidential strategies in Russian-language texts of Kyrgyzstani media and in Russian-language texts produced in the monolingual environment of Russia. The research question is whether the effects of Kyrgyz language interference manifest in Russian-language news discourse in Kyrgyzstan and what specific differences in the use of evidential strategies can be observed between Kyrgyzstani and Russian media texts. The material of the study consists of two datasets: 1,050 texts from three Kyrgyzstani Telegram news channels and 1,050 texts from three Russian Telegram news channels. The methodology included the selection and annotation of contexts, the classification of evidential markers, and a combination of quantitative, qualitative, and comparative analyses. The findings demonstrate that all three major types of evidentiality are present in both datasets, and their frequency distribution generally coincides, which indicates that the absence of interference influence from evidentiality in the Kyrgyz language on Russian-language texts produced in a bilingual environment. At the same time, Kyrgyzstani news texts are characterized by a higher frequency of reportative evidentiality with impersonal sources, implicit authorial marking in statements with direct evidentiality, and a wide use of epistemic markers expressing the speaker’s attitude towards the reported information. Additional features include lowering of register, deviations from Russian language standards, and elements of code-mixing. Future research perspectives involve expanding the range of media speech genres and conducting a more detailed study of the pragmatic functions of evidential strategies in contexts of language contact. 10.18721/JHSS.17102 81`246.2 evidentiality evidential strategies information source bilingualism interference Russian-Kyrgyz bilingualism media texts https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.2/ 24-42.pdf
RAR RUS 43-59 0000-0003-1423-5479 MGIMO University Chigasheva Marina mchigasheva@mail.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation
 0009-0007-5619-5360 MGIMO University Kuznetsova Ekaterina
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Dynamics of English Borrowings in German Political Discourse: Functional and Semantic Aspect This paper examines the functioning of English borrowings in the individual discourse of leading German politicians representing different parties. Within the context of dominant transnational political ideas, English borrowings serve as a significant marker of political self-portrayal. The authors proceed from the premise that their use constitutes a deliberate strategy for stylizing professional communication and shaping the hybrid identity of a political actor. The empirical basis of the study is formed by the pre-election books written by Annalena Baerbock (Alliance 90/The Greens) and Sahra Wagenknecht (The Left Party), published during the campaign for the 20th Bundestag (2021). The research methodology integrates quantitative methods of corpus linguistics and qualitative discourse analysis, which allows for the explication of hidden ideological attitudes. The authors present an original classification of English borrowings, comprising five functional and semantic groups: terminologically motivated borrowings, conceptual borrowings, stylistic borrowings, pseudo-borrowings, and quotation borrowings. The study reveals a predominance of terminologically motivated borrowings (in terms of the units’ number and their usage frequency) in the discourse of both politicians, and a minimal proportion of pseudo-borrowings and quotation borrowings (no more than 1,5 %). The frequency of conceptual borrowings is consistent across both politicians’ discourse (19 %). However, their lexical diversity differs: they account for 27 % of the unique borrowings used by A. Baerbock, compared to 16 % for S. Wagenknecht. Stylistic borrowings are far more prevalent in A. Baerbock’s discourse (23 %) as opposed to S. Wagenknecht’s, where they constitute only 8 %. The results demonstrate that, despite differing party affiliations and ideological orientations, both politicians actively employ English-language borrowings to fill terminological gaps. At the same time, individual experience exerts a determining influence on the frequency and functional load of the borrowings. The analysis confirm that English borrowings serve as a tool for self-presentation, acting as indicators of commitment to progressive values or allegiance to specific ideological movements. In conclusion, the paper outlines prospects for further research by incorporating a larger texts’ volume from representatives of various political spectra in Germany. 10.18721/JHSS.17103 811.11-112 individual political discourse German language English borrowings political self-portrait semantics https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.3/ 43-59.pdf
RAR RUS 60-78 0000-0003-4039-2064 Southern Federal University Iusifli Giulsum chopsieva@sfedu.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
 0000-0002-7394-3259 Southern Federal University Lenets Anna annalenets@sfedu.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
 The Verbalization of the Causal Parameter in Migrant Categorization in German Media Discourse The article is devoted to a linguistic analysis of the categorization of migrants in German media discourse through the systematization of nominative units indicating the reasons of migration (the causal parameter). The aim of the study is to identify, systematize, and determine the discursive functions of causal parameter nominations in the German language. The research material consists of 12024 contexts from the Mannheim German Reference Corpus (Deutsches Referenzkorpus) based on leading national (“Süddeutsche Zeitung”, “Die Zeit”) and regional (“Rheinische Post”) German newspapers from 2016 to 2022. Methods of corpus analysis (the analysis of high-frequency lexical units using automated text analysis software) and discourse analysis were applied to identify the substantive, axiological, and pragmatic features of German media discourse. As a result, the introduction of the concept of “the causal parameter of migrant categorization” into academic circulation is substantiated, and six corresponding markers are identified: educational, labor, asylum-seeking, military-political, economic, and environmental. The causal parameter functions in German media discourse as a discursive-pragmatic category that constructs social reality through relevant migrant nominations. The analysis demonstrates the dominance of the military-political and asylum-seeking markers in the analyzed period. Thematic dominants are identified: national newspapers focus on the political and legal aspects, whereas the regional newspaper emphasizes issues of migrant integration, accommodation, and humanitarian assistance. The dynamics of the use of the analyzed nominations in the German language, depending on the migration agenda, are revealed. The semantic differences between the nominations Asylbewerber (asylum seeker) and Kriegsflüchtling (war refugee) are determined, and the specifics of their functioning in the German media discourse are clarified. The study contributes to the development of migration and corpus linguistics, media linguistics, and discourse analysis by refining the understanding of the role of nominative units in the functioning of the modern German language in society. 10.18721/JHSS.17104 811.112.2`255.4:325 migrant German language causal parameter media discourse categorization discourse analysis corpus analysis https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.4/ 60-78.pdf
RAR RUS 79-100 0009-0008-9487-592X Azerbaijan Medicine University Dashdamirova Nigar azizkonulnadir@gmail.com
Baku, Azerbaijan
 Discursive Markers of Authorial Stance in English-Language Academic Communication by Native and Non-Native Speakers (Based on Azerbaijani Practice) This study examines how authorial stance is expressed in academic writing by native English speakers (L1) and non-native English speakers (L2), with a focus on the use of discourse markers such as hedges (markers of mitigation), boosters (markers of epistemic strengthening), attitude markers, and self-mentions. The aim of the study is to identify cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary differences and evaluate how rhetorical and institutional conventions influence L2 authors’ stance strategies. A comparative corpus-based methodology was employed. The analysis drew on two corpora: the British Academic Written English and the Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers, supplemented by original academic texts written by students at the Azerbaijan Medical University. Using Hyland’s metadiscourse model, stance markers were extracted through lexicon-based queries and manually verified in context. Data were compared across disciplines (engineering vs business) and author status (L1 vs L2). The findings reveal that L2 authors, especially in technical disciplines, tend to overuse hedging and avoid self-mentions, often due to rhetorical traditions that discourage personal voice. In contrast, L1 authors exhibit greater lexical diversity and a balanced use of stance markers. In business-related texts, L2 authors show more assertive and expressive stance, though still limited in range compared to native speakers. Stance in academic writing is not only a linguistic but also a culturally and institutionally mediated phenomenon. The study underscores the need for targeted instruction in metadiscourse to enhance L2 authors’ rhetorical awareness and help them align with academic norms of different disciplines. 10.18721/JHSS.17105 81'42 stance academic writing hedge booster attitude marker self-mention https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.5/
RAR RUS 101-118 Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University Kozan Olena olena.kozan@hbv.edu.tr
Ankara, Turkey
 Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Micallef Larisa larisa.olegovna@gmail.com
Moscow, Russian Federation
 Naming Patterns in Turkish and Russian Financial Discourse Through a Distant Reading Approach: A Case of Central Bank Governors’ Speeches This study explores naming patterns in Turkish and Russian financial discourse through a distant reading approach, using the speeches of the Central Bank Governors of Türkiye and Russia as representative material. Conducted within the framework of digital humanities, the research demonstrates the potential of the distant reading approach for contrastive linguistic analysis. At the first stage, a small, representative corpus was compiled in Turkish and Russian using BootCat tools. At the second stage, the corpora were analyzed with Voyant Tools, which enabled the visualization of the most frequent lexical units used to name financial phenomena in both languages and the relations among these units. At the third stage, Igor Mel’čuk’s Meaning–Text Theory was applied to interpret the lexical relations between the visualized units. The focus was placed on two naming patterns: PhenomenonAttribute and PhenomenonAction/State, examined comparatively in Turkish and Russian. The results indicate that Turkish financial discourse often employs borrowings and calques, whereas Russian discourse favors lexicalized forms and secondary naming patterns for financial and economic phenomena. Although these observations are limited to the selected material, the findings highlight the pedagogical and methodological value of data-driven analysis. The study underscores the potential of digital visualization tools for linguistic inquiry and advocates for the development of applied resources, such as annotated corpora, for the Turkish-Russian language pair. 10.18721/JHSS.17106 81'42 Turkish Russian distant reading Voyant Tools financial discourse corpus naming pattern https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.6/
RAR RUS 119-145 0009-0007-2055-3867 Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University Nurgazina Assel nurgazinaassel88@gmail.com
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
 0000-0002-2150-2312 Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University Mongilyova Natalya 77772456222@mail.ru
Kostanay, Kazakhstan
 0000-0003-2342-575X L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Ismagulova Gulnar gulnar.ism@mail.ru
Astana, Kazakhstan
 Metaphorical Framing of Natural Disasters in Media Discourse Against the backdrop of intensifying climate-related threats and the growing recurrence of natural disasters, media discourse has emerged as a key site where public perceptions of risk, patterns of social mobilization, and models of collective response are actively constructed. Within this communicative space, metaphor functions not merely as a stylistic device but as a fundamental cognitive and discursive mechanism, through which meaning is organized, interpretation is guided, and culturally embedded patterns of understanding are activated. The study of metaphorical framing thus offers a productive analytical lens for examining the dynamics of crisis communication, environmental rhetoric, and processes of collective sense-making. The present study is devoted to the identification and systematic analysis of metaphorical frames in English-language media discourse devoted to natural disasters. The empirical basis of the research is a balanced corpus of texts published by English-speaking media between 2023 and 2024, focusing on two recurrent types of natural hazards – wildfires and floods, which makes it possible to conduct a symmetrical comparison of British and American media environments. The theoretical framework of the study draws on an integrative approach that combines Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Frame Semantics, Critical Discourse Analysis, and the principles of Critical Metaphor Analysis. Methodologically, the research relies on corpus-based techniques, including frequency analysis, collocational profiling, and contextual examination implemented through the AntConc software, in conjunction with the MIPVU protocol for systematic metaphor identification. The reliability of the analytical procedure is ensured by corpus symmetry and inter-annotator validation. As a methodological contribution, the study introduces the notion of a frame index, understood as a quantitative indicator of metaphorical intensity, thereby extending the analytical toolkit of cognitive-discursive research. The study aims to determine the dominant patterns of metaphorical framing employed in media representations of natural disasters, to explicate their cognitive and discursive functions, and to trace their variation across different media platforms and types of catastrophic events. The findings advance current approaches in cognitive linguistics and media discourse analysis and have practical implications for the development of environmental communication strategies, media literacy, and editorial practices in the coverage of climate-related risks. 10.18721/JHSS.17107 81'42 metaphorical framing media discourse cognitive discourse analysis environmental com-munication corpus-based analysis https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.7/
RAR RUS 146-162 0000-0002-1002-0393 Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Sudartinah Titik titiksudartinah@uny.ac.id
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
 0000-0001-8739-9357 Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Nursanti Emi emi_nursanti@uny.ac.id
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
 0009-0008-0028-8012 Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Arrum Regita Sekar regitasekararrum@uny.ac.id
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
 The Language of Digital Food Discourse: A Study of Audience Responses in Social Media While the power of comments in social media to build community and shape markets is widely acknowledged, their specific linguistic characteristics that enable this power, particularly within the domain of food discourse, are poorly understood. This study investigates the audience responses in culinary posts on social media, moving beyond thematic description to analyze the linguistic construction of evaluation. Employing a qualitative problem-driven content analysis with Appraisal Theory framework, 2,170 comments from 256 reels and captions of five prominent food-promoting accounts were analyzed in terms of their sentiment and specific resources of attitude. The results show the dominant positive comments (60.9% positive, 7.7% negative, 26.3% neutral, and 5.1% irrelevant). The appraisal analysis reveals that the positive and negative comments are built through a combination of affect (emotional expressions regarding the food, prices, and place), appreciation, particularly valuation (evaluations of quality, composition, worth of food, and dining experience), and judgement, particularly the social esteem (assessment of service). The linguistic mechanism of positive comments, manifesting as taste/price endorsements or tagging others, constitute unpaid brand amplification, transforming users into marketing actors. It can also strengthen community bonds. Negative responses, primarily citing unmet expectations regarding taste, portion size, pricing, and reservation issues, highlight gaps between marketing and real experience and function as a form of persuasive public warning. Neutral and irrelevant comments highlight the functional platform use, establishing the space as practical, public-source forum for customer decision making. This study indicates that user responses on these platforms are rich and strategic with community and market influence. 10.18721/JHSS.17108 81'42=621.251:004.738.5 appraisal audience response digital interaction food discourse social media https://human.spbstu.ru/article/2026.63.8/